刘轩

[摘 要] 通过采用问卷法对147名高职院校贫困生和342名高职院校普通生的人力资本、社会资本、心理资本以及毕业后的就业质量情况进行了追踪调查，在分析了高职院校贫困生就业质量现状的基础上，比较了貧困生和普通生在三维资本以及就业质量上的差异，并分别建立了三维资本对就业质量的回归方程模型。研究结果表明：高职院校贫困生的就业质量不容乐观，工作稳定性和工作对口性较差；高职院校贫困生的人力资本要显著高于普通生，社会资本要显著低于普通生，但在人力资本和就业质量上两者不存在显著性差异；三维资本中的心理资本对高职院校贫困生的就业质量有正向的预测作用，心理资本和社会资本对高职院校普通生的就业质量有正向的预测作用，人力资本对高职院校毕业生的就业质量没有预测作用。

[关键词] 高职学生，三维资本；就业质量；影响因素

[中图分类号] G718.5 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1009-6043（2017）08-0168-04

Abstract： The human resource capital， social capital， psychological capital and employment situation of 147 impoverished students and 342 ordinary students graduated from higher vocational and technical college are traced with questionnaires. The difference of three dimensional capital and employment quality between impoverished and ordinary students is compared and a regression equation model is established. The study concludes that the employment quality of students graduated from higher vocational and technical colleges is not good. The job stability is not well and the jobs are usually not fit in the specialty. The human resource capital of impoverished students is remarkably higher and the social capital is obviously lower than that of ordinary students， but there is no prominent difference in terms of human capital and employment quality. The psychological capital has positive and predictive function to the employment quality of impoverished students. Both psychological capital and social capital play positive and predictive role to the employment quality of ordinary students. The human resource capital takes no effect in predicting the employment quality of graduates from higher vocational and technical colleges.

Key words： students in higher vocational and technical colleges， three dimensional capital， employment quality， influence factor

一、引言

大学毕业生就业质量已成为教育管理部门和众多学者关注的社会热点问题，已有研究证实人力资本和社会资本是影响大学毕业生就业质量的两个重要因素[1-4]。但是，在这个有时需要“拼爹”和“拼学历”的时代，对于高职院校贫困生这样的“弱势群体”而言，他们既没有人力资本存量（如重点高校、学历等）上的绝对优势，同时又缺乏社会资本（如优越的家庭背景等）的有力支持，并且社会资本很大一部分是先赋的、不易改变的，即便通过个人努力，也很难改变父母的学历、职业以及家庭社会关系等，有研究指出很多贫困生正是由于在社会资本方面相对缺失而失去很多就业的机会[5]。……