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快速康复理念在外科围手术期中的应用

2017-07-16杨逸项建斌钦伦秀

上海医药 2017年12期
关键词:围手术期

杨逸+项建斌+钦伦秀

摘 要 快速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)可减轻患者心理和生理的创伤应激反应,减少并发症,缩短患者住院时间,降低再入院、死亡风险和医疗费用,是临床治疗模式的重大突破。ERAS主要由术前准备、麻醉与镇痛、外科干预及术后康复四部分组成。20年来,ERAS在国内外已经逐渐拓展至普外科、泌尿外科、心胸外科、妇产科等各个领域,并取得了卓越成效。目前,ERAS在国内尚无统一的治疗规范,实际应用中也有许多因素限制其发展,其中传统习惯亦是导致其推广障碍的重要原因。通过进一步摸索进行转化应用,有望形成具有中国特色的ERAS途径。

关键词 快速康复;外科;围手术期

中图分类号:R459.4 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-1533(2017)12-0003-04

The application of concept of enhanced recovery after surgery in perioperative period

YANG Yi, XIANG Jianbin, QIN Lunxiu

(Department of General Surgery of Huashan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China)

ABSTRACT Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) , which can reduce the psychological and physiological stress reaction of patients caused by trauma, decrease complications, shorten the time of stay in the hospital, reduce readmission and mortality risk and medical costs, is a major breakthrough in clinical treatment. ERAS is mainly composed of preoperative preparation, anesthesia and analgesia, surgical intervention and postoperative rehabilitation. Over the past 20 years both at home and abroad, ERAS has been gradually extended to general surgery, urology, cardiothoracic surgery, obstetrics and gynecology and other fields, and achieved remarkable results. At present, the application of ERAS is lack of unified specification, also there are many factors restricting its development, such as the traditional habit which is one of the important reasons lead to its promotion barriers. A scheme for ERAS with Chinese characteristics will be formed after further study on transforming application.

KEY WORDS enhanced recovery after surgery; surgery; perioperative period

快速康復外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)也称快通道外科(fast-track surgery,FTS),是指采用一系列有循证医学证据证实的围手术期多模式优化措施,以减少患者创伤应激及相关并发症,达到快速康复的目的。此概念最早在2001年由Kehlet提出,并在欧美得到了大力推广[1]。此理念改变了许多外科疾病的临床诊疗模式,同时减轻了患者心理和生理的创伤应激反应,减少了并发症,明显缩短了患者的住院时间,降低了再入院及死亡风险,显著改善了患者术后的康复速度,降低了医疗费用,是临床治疗模式的重大突破。

1 围手术期ERAS核心内容

ERAS是一系列有效措施的协同作用效果,涉及诸多领域,包括围手术期营养支持、供氧措施、减少引流管放置、早期进食、生长激素的使用、微创手术等。患者的健康宣教、麻醉镇痛、术后康复训练也同样不可或缺。……

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