张志高 袁征 丁浩

摘要 为了探求安阳市土地生态安全状况，运用主成分分析方法，选取12个指标建立安阳市土地生态安全综合评价体系，对安阳市土地生态安全进行评价。结果表明，社会发展因素、能源消耗与工业废物排放和经济发展是影响安阳市土地生态安全的3个主要因素。2014年安阳市龙安区、林州市和安阳县的土地状况为良好，汤阴县土地安全处于预警状态，文峰区处于中度警戒状态，而内黄县、殷都区和北关区处于重度警戒状态。安阳市土地生态安全形势严峻，必须采取措施，确保土地生态安全。

关键词 土地资源；土地生态安全；评价；主成分分析；安阳市

中图分类号 F301 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2017）13-0201-03

Assessment of Land Ecological Security of Anyang City Based on the Principal Component Analysis

ZHANG Zhi-gao1，YUAN Zheng2，DING Hao1

（1.School of Resource Environment and Tourism，Anyang Normal University，Anyang，Henan 455000；2.School of Civil and Architectural Engineering，Anyang Institute of Technology，Anyang，Henan 455000）

Abstract In order to explore the land ecological security situation of Anyang City in Henan Provence， 12 indexes were selected to establish the comprehensive assessment index system of land ecological security.Using the method of principal component analysis，the level of land ecological security in Anyang City was compared and evaluated.The results showed that the social development，energy consumption and industrial waste emissions，and the economic development were the main factors that affected the land ecological security in Anyang City.Long'an District of Anyang City，Linzhou and Anyang County were good condition of the land ecological security；Tangyin County was warning state of land ecological security；Wenfeng District was the medium warning state of land ecological security；Neihuang County，Yindu District and Beiguan District were serious warning state of land ecological security.Overall，the land ecological security of Anyang City was facing the serious threat，countermeasures should be taken to ensure the ecological security of land.

Key words Land resources；The ecological security of land；Evaluation；Principal component analysis；Anyang City

随着人口的快速增长和社会、经济的快速发展，人类正以前所未有的速度和强度改变着土地利用格局，对生态环境的压力也日益增大，生态环境的破坏反过来制约人类活动，造成严重的人地矛盾[1-2]。随着环境生态问题的日益凸显，1970年提出了生态安全这一新的研究领域，引起广泛关注，生态安全不仅关系到人类社会的可持续发展，也关系到一个国家和地区的经济安全、国家安全和社会稳定[3]，因此，生态安全提出后迅速成为地理学、生态学和环境科学等学科的研究热点[4-5]。土地是基础性的自然资源，是人类生存和发展的基本条件和衣食来源，土地生态安全是国家粮食安全、生态安全的基础，同时也是生态安全评价中的重要因素[6-8]。对一个国家或地区的土地资源进行生态安全评价，可以衡量评估区域的土地资源特点和状况，针对存在的土地资源生态安全问题采取措施，进而保障区域土地资源生态安全，实现区域可持续发展[9]。……