东方学背景下的敦煌学
2017-07-05刘进宝
内容摘要:“敦煌学”一词,一般都认为是陈寅恪于1930年首先提出的,后来发现日本学者石滨纯太郎于1925年使用“敦煌学”的材料。从敦煌学的发展、影响、实际效果和“敦煌学”一词的术语化过程来看,说陈寅恪是“敦煌学”的首创者是没有问题的。需要正视的是,在陈寅恪之前,石滨纯太郎已经使用了“敦煌学”一词。因而有必要探讨敦煌学出现的背景,即当时国际学术的潮流是东方学,而东方学又是在西方对东方的侵略或占领下逐渐形成的一门学科,具有殖民主义的成分。虽然东方学是殖民主义的产物,敦煌学也是在西方殖民背景下提出的,但不能因为提出的背景而否认其科学价值。
关键词:敦煌学;陈寅恪;石濱纯太郎;东方学
中图分类号:K870.6 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000-4106(2017)03-0008-08
Abstract: Regarding the origin of the term“Dunhuang Studies,”it is generally believed that Chen Yinke first proposed the term in 1930, though it was later found that Japanese scholar Ishihama Juntaro used“Dunhuang Studies”manuscripts as references in 1925. From relevant historical recordings, we can find that Chen Yinke neither saw Ishihama Juntaros speech on“Dunhuang Studies”nor knew that the Japanese scholar had begun to use“Dunhuang Studies”at that time or even later. From the perspective of the development, influence, actual effect, and terminological process of the word“Dunhuang Studies,”there is no doubt that Chen Yinke is the pioneer of Dunhuang Studies. What needs to be addressed, however, is that the term“Dunhuang Studies”had already been used before either Chen Yinke or Ishihama Juntaro, a fact which necessitates further exploration of the background of “Dunhuang Studies.”The author emphasizes that Orientalism was a subject of international academia formed at a time when the East was under Western occupation and thus shows clear colonialist elements. Although Orientalism is the product of colonialism,“Dunhuang Studies”naturally belonging to this context as well, the scientific value of the discipline cannot be denied simply because of its background.
Key words: Dunhuang Studies; Chen Yinke; Ishihama Juntaro; Orientalism
关于“敦煌学”一词出现的时间和最早的使用者,一般都认为是陈寅恪先生于1930年首先提出的。后来发现了日本学者石滨纯太郎于1925年使用“敦煌学”一词的材料,从而引起了学界的关注与争论。陈寅恪与石滨纯太郎提出或使用“敦煌学”一词的年代、背景相近,因此,笔者将敦煌学的产生置于当时国际学术的新潮流——东方学的背景下进行探讨,希望从另一个视角提供一点借鉴。不当之处,请批评指正。
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一说到敦煌学,大家自然就想到了陈寅恪先生,因为一般都认为是陈寅恪先生于1930年第一次提出了“敦煌学”一词。
日本敦煌学家池田温先生在《敦煌学与日本人》一文中曾说:由陈寅恪开始有意识地使用“敦煌学”一词“并在学界确定下来的说法应该是没有问题的。……
