氨甲环酸在腰椎手术中应用的研究进展
2017-03-21方浩滕勇陈建常
方浩 滕勇 陈建常
[摘要] 腰椎手术显露过程中因切口深长、术中需要剥离的椎旁肌较多、手术时间长等因素,出血量通常较多,患者经常需要反复大量输血来确保生命体征的平稳。因此,临床常应用各种方法减少出血,如术中严格止血、缩短手术时间、术中应用抗纤维蛋白溶解药等。其中,抗纤维蛋白溶解药氨甲环酸的作用日显突出。它既可以减少患者出血量和住院费用,又未增加因患者术后卧床导致的静脉血栓等相关并发症。现就以氨甲环酸在腰椎手术中应用效果的相关研究进行综述。
[关键词] 氨甲环酸;腰椎手术;用药方式;用药剂量
[中图分类号] R681.5 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2017)01(c)-0031-04
[Abstract] Exposing the lumbar vertebra surgery incision profound, need to peel off a lot of paravertebral muscle, long operative time, often lost a lot of blood, the patient often need a large amount of blood transfusion to ensure stable vital signs. Therefore, the clinical commonly use of a variety of methods to reduce bleeding, such as strict hemostasis during operation, shorten the operation time, the application of anti fibrin dissolve drugs. The anti fibrin dissolve medicine Tranexamic Acid has become an increasingly important role. On the one hand can reduce the bleeding and hospitalization expenses, on the other hand the incidence of postoperative venous thrombosis was not increased. This article summarizes the research progress of application of Tranexamic Acid in the lumbar vertebra operation.
[Key words] Tranexamic Acid; Lumbar operation; Medication method; Medication dosage
尽管目前腰椎手术技巧有了明显进步,但因腰椎手术创伤大仍存在大出血的风险,如摘除椎间盘过程中的静脉丛破坏、腰椎骨折出血较多、腰椎肿瘤血供更为丰富、手术切除时止血困难等。术中失血较多时常需输入大量异体血维持患者生命体征的稳定,同时给患者带来输血的相应风险,如交叉感染、血液疾病的传播等[1]。在腰椎手术中尽量减少出血,这样可以降低由输血引起的疾病传播和其他相应并发症[2],也可以减少患者医疗费用,保护血液资源[3]。临床上减少围术期出血和输血,常通过术中严格止血、术中控制性降压、自体血液回输等方法[4-6],但一些患者术中及术后仍面临输血治疗,因此,尽量减少术中及术后出血对患者的生命安全及术后康复显得极其重要。……
