APP下载

西藏自治区慢性非传染性疾病及其防控体系管理的实证研究

2017-03-21德吉多吉班丹万霞

中国医药导报 2017年3期

德吉多吉 班丹 万霞

[摘要] 本文对西藏自治区慢性非传染性疾病的流行状况进行实证研究,包括死因状况和防控体系现状,探求深层次、结构性的影响因素,从而为高原地区慢性非传染性疾病防控体系管理提出建议与对策。1991~2012年,慢性非传染性疾病已成为西藏自治区居民的第一大死亡原因,且构成比不断上升。2004~2005年间,脑卒中的年龄标化死亡率为最高,其次是高血压性心脏病等。慢性非传染性疾病防控体系分为国家和西藏自治区两层,有指导工作的联系;影响因素有特殊的自然环境、居民健康素养水平较低、生活与行为方式不断变化、防控体系管理效率不高。建议加强危险因素监测,推广特色的健康教育,采取最佳干预措施,加强防控体系建设,包括顶层设计、基础建设和高效联动机制。

[关键词] 慢性非传染性疾病;防控体系管理;西藏自治区;实证研究

[中图分类号] R18 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2017)01(c)-0133-05

[Abstract] This article takes empirical study for the epidemic status of chronic non-communicable diseases in Tibet Autonomous Region, including death causes and current status of prevention and control system, and explores deep-seated and structural influences factors, so as to provide suggestions and countermeasures for chronic non-communicable disease prevention and control system in plateau sections. In 1991-2012, the chronic non-communicable disease was the 1st major cause of death for residents in Tibet Autonomous Region, and the constituent ratio was increased continuously. In 2004-2005, age standardized mortality ratio of stroke was the highest, followed by hypertensive heart disease. Additionally, the chronic non-communicable disease prevention and control system is divided into national and Tibet Autonomous Regional levels, and both have working guidance relation. Moreover, the influences factors include special natural environment, low health literacy level of residents, continuous changes of living and behaviors, and low management efficiency of prevention and control system. In this paper, it is suggested to strengthen the monitoring of risk factors, promote characteristic health education, take the best intervention measures and strengthen construction of the prevention and control system, including top-level design, infrastructure and efficient linkage mechanism.

[Key words] Non-communicable diseases; Prevention system management; Tibet Autonomous Region; Empirical study

慢性非傳染性疾病(noncommunicable diseases,NCDs)是全球死亡的主要原因,2012年全世界共死亡5600万人,其中3800万人死于慢性非传染性疾病,非传染性疾病导致死亡中的2800万人以及大部分过早死亡发生在低收入和中等收入国家[1]。2013年,脑血管疾病成为我国27个省(自治区、直辖市)居民早死生命损失年(years of life lost,YLLs)的主要原因,还有缺血性心脏病(5个省)和肺癌(香港特别行政区)[2]。

和平解放后,西藏自治区在政治、经济、文化、社会等领域内得到了跨越式发展,人民的生活水平不断提高。但是,生活方式的改变和人口老龄化也使慢性非传染性疾病以及由此造成的疾病负担问题日益突出。……

登录APP查看全文