恢复烤烟种植地区植烟主体现状调查与分析
2017-01-11彭友阳显斌李中权孟祥梁永
彭友++阳显斌++李中权++孟祥++梁永江



摘 要:调查习水县2015年268户烟农,对烟农素质、植烟规模与户均劳动力、植烟成本、专业化服务受灾统计、种烟主要障碍因素等进行分析。结果表明,习水地区存在烟农结构不合理、农民增收渠道增加、植烟风险逐年提升、植烟比较收益下降、专业化服务水平有待提高等因素,提出稳定职业烟农队伍、加强网格客户经理队伍建设、提高科技创新和信息化管理水平、加速现代烟草农业进程、推进烟农专业合作社建设等措施。
关键词:植烟主体;烤烟;调查
中图分类号:S572 文献标识码:A DOI 编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2016.12.029
Investigation and Analysis on the Status of the Main Body of Tobacco Planting in the Restoration of Flue-cured Tobacco Growing Areas:A Case Study of Xishui
PENG You, YANG Xianbin, LI Zhongquan, MENG Xiang, LIANG Yongjiang
(Guizhou Tobacco Companies Zunyi company, Zunyi,Guizhou 563000, China)
Abstract: This article researched 268 farmers in Xishui county in 2015, analyzed on the quality of tobacco growers, plant scale smoke and household labor, planting affected tobacco cost, professional service statistics, smoke the main obstacle factors etc. Results showed that Xishui area exists farmers structure was irrational, peasant income channels increased, tobacco risk increased year by year, planting tobacco revenue decline, professional service level needed to be improved and other factors, the stable professional team of farmers and strengthen the grid client manager team building, improving the scientific and technological innovation and the level of information management, accelerated process of modern tobacco agriculture, farmers cooperatives construction and other measures to promote.
Key words: tobacco planting body; tobacco; research
习水县具备生产特色优质烟叶得天独厚的生态条件,有机高粱为习水主要种植作物,田间耕种环境保存良好,且习水拥有超过10年的种烟历史,最高年产量达1.2×107 kg。习水县于2012年开始恢复种植烤烟(品种为K326),全力打造生态烟叶品牌[1]。但随着习水地区经济通胀压力增大,劳动力价格、烟用物资价格上涨,同时经济作物种植多元化(高粱、水稻、蘑菇、折耳根、红枣等)及社会经济的发展和农业产业结构的调整,农民就业渠道和增收渠道方式增加,种烟的比较效益呈逐步下降的趋势[2-4]。为此,笔者调查习水烟农基本情况,对烤烟种植政策制订提供依据。
1 问卷调查与设计
习水县烟农入户调查工作已连续开展1年,2015年调查涉及4个乡镇,22个种烟村,368户烟农,采用随机抽样的方式,问卷内容包括烟农地址、姓名、年龄、文化程度、家庭人口、种烟面积、愿意种烟的原因、种烟主要障碍因素、对专业化服务的满意度、对技术服务的满意度、对烟叶收购的满意度等项目[5-6]。……
