女性农民工精神文化生活现状研究
2016-11-07孙健薛念文
孙健+薛念文
摘 要:当今社会,农民工问题已经成为了影响社会稳定与和谐发展的重要问题,相关研究也围绕其展开。而对关于女性农民工的研究却不多,对女性农民工精神世界的关注更是较少。文章以女性农民工精神文化生活现状为切入点进行研究,探究其精神文化生活中存在的问题,并从经济、心理、社会三个层面解释问题出现的原因,最后从女性农民工个人、所在单位、政府三方面提出了解决对策,以期改善女性农民工的精神文化生活的现状。
关键词:女性农民工;精神文化生活;现状;对策
中图分类号:C913文献标识码:A文章编号:1672-1101(2016)04-0079-05
Abstract: In todays society, the issue of migrant workers has become an important issue affecting social stability and the harmonious development of the society, on which a lot of studies have been carried out. However, there are not so many studies on female migrant workers, studies concerning the spiritual pursuits of the female being fewer. Focusing on the spiritual pursuits of female migrant workers, this paper explores the problems in their spiritual and cultural pursuits, and explains the reasons for the problems from such aspects as economy, psychology and society. Finally, the countermeasures and suggestions are put forward involving efforts from such aspects as the female migrant workers themselves, their employers and the government, in the hope of improving the spiritual and cultural pursuits of female migrant workers.
Key words: female migrant workers; spiritual and cultural pursuit; present situation; suggestions
随着改革开放的不断深入,农村家庭联产承包责任制的推行,农民逐渐从土地中解放出来。为了拥有更好的生活,一部分农民开始涌向城市。前期主要以男性为主,他们大多从事建筑、钢铁等依靠体力的行业。而后,随着城市的不断发展,制造业、纺织业、服装业、餐饮服务业等行业对女性农民工的需求量也越来越大,吸引力越来越强,于是,很多农村女性也离开家乡加入了农民工进城行列,且在农民工群体中占据了较大比例。《中国农民工调研报告》中指出:“农民工是我国经济社会转型的特殊概念,是指户籍身份还是农民、有承包土地,但是主要从事非农产业、以工资收入为主要来源的人员。”[1]那么,其中的女性自然而然地被称为女性农民工。据国家统计局2015年4月发布的数据显示,2014年全国农民工总量为27395万人,而女性农民工占比达到33%[2]。……
