张云兰 李声明

摘要：【目的】分析广西生态足迹和生态承载力的变化过程和特征，了解广西生态系统动态变化趋势，为促进城镇化进程中的区域可持续发展提供参考。【方法】利用生态足迹方法计算2005～2014年广西人均生态足迹、人均生态承载力、人均生态盈亏和万元GDP生态足迹，分析生态系统的变化状态。【结果】2005～2014年广西人均生态足迹由1.6201 ha振荡式上升到2.7430 ha，其中化石能源地和耕地类人均生态足迹所占比重排前两位；人均生态承载力小幅增长，由0.7173 ha/人波动增加到0.7665 ha/人，其中草地类人均生态承载力减少99.33%；人均生态赤字由0.9028 ha增加到1.1965 ha，说明广西生态系统处于逐步加剧的超载状态，化石能源地的生态赤字最严重，其次是耕地；万元GDP生态足迹由1.8949 ha/万元减少到0.8320 ha/万元，说明广西资源利用率逐步提高。【建议】广西在城镇化进程中要保证发展的可持续性，就必须优化产业结构，转变粗放发展方式，并加大耕地保护，提高土地产出率，同时调整能源结构，开发清洁能源。

关键词： 生态足迹；生态承载力；生态系统；可持续发展；广西

中图分类号： F062.3 文献标志码：A 文章编号：2095-1191（2016）09-1622-07

Abstract：【Objective】The present study was conducted to analyze variation process and characteristics of ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity and study dynamic variation trend of ecological system in Guangxi， in order to provide reference for promoting regional sustainable development under urbanization process. 【Method】Ecological footprint method was applied to calculate per capita ecological footprint， per capita ecological carrying capacity， per capita ecological surplus and deficit and ecological footprint for ten thousand yuan GDP in Guangxi during 2005-2014. Variation of ecosystem was analyzed. 【Result】From 2005 to 2014， per capita ecological footprint of Guangxi soared from 1.6201 ha/cap to 2.7430 ha. Per capita ecological footprints of fossil energy land and cropland ranked top 2. There was no substantial increase in per capita ecological carrying capacity， which increased from 0.7173 ha/cap to 0.7665 ha/cap. Per capita ecological carrying capacity of grassland reduced by 99.33%. Per capita ecological deficit increased from 0.9028 ha to 1.1965 ha， which indicated that ecosystem in Guangxi was overloaded progressively. Ecological deficit of fossil energy land was the most serious， followed by cropland. Ecological footprint for ten thousand yuan GDP decreased from 1.8949 ha/ten thousand yuan to 0.8320 ha/ten thousand yuan， which indicated that resource utilization rate improved in Guangxi. 【Suggestion】To achieve sustainable development in process of urbanization， Guangxi needs to optimize industrial structure， transform development mode， strengthen protection of farmland， improve land productivity， adjust energy structure and develop clean energy.

Key words： ecological footprint； ecological carrying capacity； ecosystem； sustainable development； Guangxi

0 引言

【研究意義】20世纪90年代以来，广西经济总量迅速增长，城镇化进程明显加快，常住人口城镇化率从1990年的15.10%增加到2015年的47.06%，目前正处于城镇化高速期。高速城镇化加大了广西的生态压力，面临人口膨胀、土地资源稀缺、生态环境脆弱等问题，城镇化进程受生态系统限制；与生态文明相结合的新型城镇化要以承载力为支撑，才能实现区域可持续发展。……