韩俊锋

摘 要 目的：通过对康健社区脑卒中发病情况进行分析，了解脑卒中人群分布和相关危险因素，为预防和控制脑卒中提供科学依据和策略。方法：对2009—2014年市二、三级医院确诊报告的康健社区户籍的951例脑卒中患者进行随访核实，收集患者基本情况和相关危险因素，并进行统计分析。结果：脑卒中的平均年发病率为0.198%，男性脑卒中的平均年发病率高于女性，平均年发病率随着年龄的增加呈增长的趋势，缺血性脑卒中的发病率高于出血性脑卒中；脑卒中发生的相关危险因素包括高血压、冠心病等慢性病因素和行为相关因素，且以高血压的相关性最大。结论：对具有脑卒中相关危险因素的人群应开展相应干预措施，对降低脑卒中的发病率、致残率和死亡率，提高生活水平和生活质量具有重要的意义。

关键词 脑卒中 危险因素 预防和控制

中图分类号：R743.3 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1006-1533（2016）04-0048-03

Analysis of the risk factors of stroke in Kangjian Community from 2009 to 2014

HAN Junfeng

（Kangjian Community Health Service Center of Xuhui District， Shanghai 200233， China）

ABSTRACT Objective： Through analysis of the stroke incidence in Kangjian Community， to understand the stroke population distribution and related risk factors in order to provide the scientific basis and strategy for the prevention and control of stroke. Methods： Nine hundred and fifty-one cases of Kangjian Community residences with stroke who were diagnosed at the municipal secondary and tertiary hospitals and reported from 2009 to 2014 were followed up to verify to collect their basic situation and related risk factors and were statistically analyzed. Results： The average annual incidence of stroke was 0.198%， and the average incidence of stroke in the male was higher than in the female and increased with age. The incidence of ischemic stroke was higher than that of hemorrhagic stroke. The related risk factors for stroke included the high blood pressure， coronary heart disease and other chronic diseases and behavioral related factors， and the high blood pressure was the maximum correlation. Conclusion： It has an important significance to carry out the appropriate intervention measures for the patients with stroke related risk factors to reduce the rates of the incidence of stroke， disability and mortality and improve the living standard and quality of their life.

KEY WORDS stroke； risk factor； prevention and control

脑卒中是由于急性脑血管的破裂或闭塞，导致局部或全脑神经功能障碍持续时间大于24 h或者死亡，包括蛛网膜下腔出血、脑出血和脑梗死。近50年来，脑卒中的发病率和死亡率均呈上升趋势，我国是脑卒中的高发区，在全死因中脑卒中在城市排第一或第二位，占总死亡的20%以上；在农村为第二或第三位死因，占总死因的15%～20%[1]。为了解康健街道脑卒中的发病情况和相关危险因素，为预防和控制脑卒中在人群中的发生提供科学依据和策略，对2009年到2014年康健街道户籍人口脑卒中发病情况进行统计分析。……