英语写作中篇章回指的使用探析
2016-01-13郝景东
郝景东
摘要:篇章回指作为一种衔接手段对语篇连贯起到非常重要的作用。通过小样本的数据分析,从二语习得角度探讨中国高校英语专业学生书面产出语料中篇章回指的分布规律及其制约因素。数据表明,中国学习者英语作文中篇章回指的分布规律基本支持可及性假设:人称代词的先行词处于近距离语篇中;指示代词的先行词处于中距离语篇中;有定名词短语的先行词处于远距离语篇中。但中国英语学习者对三类篇章回指的使用情况与英语本族语的使用情况仍有一些差异,特别是人称代词。
关键词:篇章回指;分布规律;可及性;二语习得
中图分类号:H0
文献标识码:A文章编号:
16721101(2015)02007604
Abstract: Discourse anaphora,a cohesive device,plays a very important role in discourse coherence. Through analyzing small sample data, this paper discusses the distribution regularity and restriction factors of written discourse anaphora by Chinese college students from the perspective of second language acquisition. The data suggest that distribution of anaphora in Chinese English learners English writing basically supports accessibility hypothesis: Personal pronoun antecedents are at close range in the discourse, while demonstrative pronoun antecedents are at middle and definite noun phrase antecedent are at long range. However, the Chinese English learners and native English speakers still have some differences in using the three kinds of discourse anaphora, especially in using the personal pronoun.
Key words:discourse anaphora;distribution regularity;accessibility;second language acquisition
回指或照应(anaphora)现象一直是语言学关注的焦点。回指是由语篇中的两个指称词语,即回指语和先行语,表达的一种同指关系[1] ,是一种语篇衔接关系[2]。例如在“Wash and core six cooking apples.Put them into a fireproof dish.”中,them和six cooking apples构成了篇章回指关系。them为回指语(anaphor),six cooking apples为先行语(antecedent),它们组成了一个篇章回指纽带(anaphoric tie)。篇章回指不仅表现为语法上的替代关系或语义上的同指关系,还充当语篇的衔接手段,制约着语篇的连贯性[3]。回指关系中的指称词语主要包括第三人称代词、指示代词和名词短语[4]。中国英语学习者在英语写作过程中,应注意这些回指的使用规律。
一、文献回顾
国内外学者从句法、语义、语用和认知等不同的角度对语言中的回指现象进行了广泛的研究。生成语言学将回指看作纯句法现象,仅关注句内回指;功能语言学和认知语言学则认为回指本质上是语篇现象,试图对篇章回指和句内回指做统一的分析。……
