体力劳动者职业紧张与工作能力相关关系研究

张艳霞1， 王艳2, 连玉龙3

(新疆医科大学1公共卫生学院，2学报编辑部, 乌鲁木齐830011；3南通大学公共卫生学院， 江苏南通226019)

摘要：目的了解体力劳动者职业紧张和工作能力状况以及两者之间的相关关系。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法，随机抽取900名不同行业的体力劳动者,采用职业紧张量表(OSI-R)和工作能力指数量表(WAI)进行问卷调查。结果不同年龄、工龄、学历和婚姻状况的体力劳动者在ORQ得分上差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)；不同年龄、学历的体力劳动者在PSQ得分上差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)；不同年龄、工龄、婚姻和收入的体力劳动者在PRQ得分上差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)；而不同性别、年龄、工龄、婚姻状况和收入的体力劳动者WAI得分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。不同紧张组工作能力分级差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。工作能力与职业任务紧张和个体紧张反应均呈负相关(P<0.01)，而与个体应对资源呈正相关(P<0.01)。多元线性回归结果显示体力劳动者工作能力水平的主要影响因素有任务不适、年龄、工作环境、心理紧张反应、自我保健和业务紧张反应(P<0.05)。结论职业紧张对体力劳动者工作能力有重要影响，降低体力劳动者紧张水平和增强个体应对能力是提高体力劳动者工作能力的有效措施。

关键词：体力劳动者； 职业紧张； 工作能力

中图分类号：R131文献标识码：A

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-5551.2015.04.028

[收稿日期：2014-09-26]

Research on the correlations between occupational stress and working

ability among manual workers

ZHANG Yanxia1, WANG Yan2, LIAN Yulong3

(1SchoolofPublicHealth,2TheEditorialDepartmentofJournal,XinjiangMedicalUniversity,

Urumqi830011,China;3SchoolofPublicHealth,TheNantongUniversity,

JiangsuNantong226019,China)

Abstract：ObjectiveTo find out the correlationships between the occupational stress and working ability among manual workers on the basis of the survey on their current situation of their occupational stress and working ability. MethodsQuestionnaire surveys of Occupational Stress Inventory-Revised (OSI-R) and Work Ability Index (WAI) were conducted on 900 manual workers selected randomly from different industries by means of the cluster stratified random sampling. ResultsThere were statistically significant differences in ORQ scores in age, length of service, education and marital status (P<0.01). There were also statistically significant differences in PSQ scores in age and degree among manual workers′ (P<0.05). The statistical significance was found in PRQ scores in age, length of service, marriage and income of laborers (P<0.01). While statistical significance of difference in WAI score was found in different gender, age, length of service, marital status and income (P<0.01). There was statistically significant difference in tension group working ability grading (P<0.01). The working ability was negatively correlated with the occupation task tension and the individual stress response (P<0.01), while it was positively correlated with the coping resources (P<0.01). The resullt of multiple linear regression revealed that the main influence factors of physical working ability level included the task of discomfort, age, work environment, psychological stress reaction, self health care, and business strain (P<0.05). ConclusionThis survey indicated a significant influence of the occupational stress on manual workers′ working ability and it′s suggested to improve their working ability by reducing the occupational stress and enhancing the coping capacity.

Key words: manual workers; occupational stress; working ability

工作能力是劳动者在从事其劳动任务过程中解决和应付劳动任务的一种总体表现，是劳动者在从事劳动过程中表现出的综合能力[1]。现代化、信息化社会的今天，随着工作和生活节奏的日益加快，社会竞争日益加剧，职业紧张已成为影响职业人群健康和工作能力的重要因素[2]。我国的职业人群中，体力劳动者仍然占有较大比重，研究体力劳动者职业紧张与工作能力间的相关关系有利于体力劳动者职业紧张程度的缓解和工作能力的改善。本研究通过分析不同职业紧张状态下体力劳动者工作能力的变化，为促进体力劳动者健康状况和提高工作能力提供科学依据。

1资料与方法

1.1研究对象采用分层整群抽样的方法(按照职业、性别、民族、工龄分层)，随机抽取体力劳动者900名作为研究对象，主要包括采矿业、磨料、焊接、火力充发电、冶炼加工等不同行业。……