韦彩会　俞月凤　何铁光　蒙炎成　唐红琴　张野　李婷婷　何永群　李忠义　王瑾　胡钧铭

摘 要：研究旨在探讨适合广西岩溶区生长的农作物新品种，以期为该区域农作物品种的更新换代及新种植作物提供试验示范和技术支撑。通过选择玉米、大豆、葡萄共3种作物在广西大化县岩溶区不同地块进行适应性种植，其中玉米品种有桂单0810、桂单0811、桂单162，以当地农家种作为对照；大豆品种有桂豆3号和桂豆5号，以当地农家种作为对照；葡萄品种有夏黑、巨峰、户太，每种作物的种植规格及田间管理参照当地种植习惯并遵循各品种的特性进行种植管理。结果表明，玉米品种桂单0810、桂单0811、桂单162产量分别达481.66kg/667m2、478.24kg/667m2、443.12kg/667m2，分别比当地农家种增产31.57%、30.63%、21.04%；大豆品种桂豆3号和桂豆5号产量分别为85.82kg/667m2、、78.76kg/667m2，分別比当地农家种增产77.87%、、63.23%，和对照相比，玉米和大豆各品种增产均达极显著水平；而夏黑、巨峰、户太葡萄产量分别达1 170.5kg/667m2、1 380.0kg/667m2、1 518.0kg/667m2 ，均能取得良好的经济效益。因此，所选的玉米、大豆及葡萄品种均适宜在该区域种植。

关键词：岩溶区；植物；适应性种植

中图分类号 S19 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731（2015）24-92-03

Abstract：To explore new crops suitable for the growth of karst areas in Guangxi， in order to provide experimental demonstration and technical support for the new crop varieties in this region. 3 kinds of crops were be chosen including corn，soybean，grape to plant in different plots in the karst area of Guangxi Dahua.Varieties of corn were Guidan0810、Guidan0811and Guidan162，taking the local farmers variety as a control； Soybean varieties were Guidou No 3 and Guidou No 5， taking the local farmers variety as a control；Grape varieties were Xaihei，Jufeng and Hutai，Plant specifications and field management of each crop referred to the local planting habits and followed the characteristics of the various varieties of plant management. The yields of Guidan 0810，Guidan 0811 and Guidan 162 were 481.66kg/667m2、478.24kg/667m2、443.12kg/667m2，higher than local farmers variety 31.57%、30.63% and 21.04% respectively. The yields of Guidou No 3 and Guidou No 5 were 85.82kg/667m2 and 78.76kg/667m2respectively， higher than local farmers variety 77.87% and 63.23% respectively. Compared with the control， the yields of corn and soybean varieties increased significantly. The yields of Xiahei，Jufeng and Hutai were 1 170.5kg/667m2、

1 380.0kg/667m2、1 518.0kg/667m2 respectively，achieving good economic benefits. The selected corn， soybean and grape varieties are all suitable for the karst region.

Key words：Karst area；Plant；Adaptability planting

1 引言

广西岩溶土地分布范围广、发育典型，岩溶土地面积约占我国西南地区岩溶土地面积的17%，占广西土地总面积的37.8%，是广西灾害之源、贫困之根[1]。广西大化瑶族自治县地处桂西石灰岩山区，属于典型的岩溶生态脆弱区。该地区自然条件恶劣，贫困和生态环境退化问题均十分突出，大面积岩溶生态脆弱区的存在，严重阻碍了当地经济社会的可持续发展，生态重建已刻不容缓。……