张明乾等

摘要：采用田间试验，以烤烟品种云烟87为材料，研究不同钾肥对烤烟主要化学成分的影响。结果表明，柠檬酸钾处理鲜烟中总氮、粗蛋白含量在各时期最为适宜，烟株的氮代谢最为协调，并提高了鲜烟中还原糖、有机钾含量。烤后烟叶化学成分及其比值中，硝酸钾处理粗蛋白含量最高；硫酸钾处理钾含量最高，但有机钾含量最少，氯离子、硫酸根含量最高；柠檬酸钾处理氯离子、粗蛋白含量最少，有机钾、还原糖、总糖含量最多，K2O/Cl 最高，烟叶的品质最好。总体来看，鲜烟和烤后烟叶在3个处理中均以柠檬酸钾的效果最好。

关键词：烟草；钾肥；生长发育；化学成分

中图分类号：S572.062文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2015）05-0068-04

Effects of Different Potassium Fertilizers

on Main Chemical Components of Flue-cured Tobacco

Zhang Mingqian1， Fan Jianli1，2*， Guo Chuanbin3

（1. Technology Center of China Tobacco Fujian Industrial Co.， Ltd.， Xiamen 361021， China；

2. Agronomy College， Henan Agricultural University， Zhengzhou 450002， China；

3. Queshan Branch of Zhumadian Tobacco Company， Queshan 463200， China）

AbstractWith the tobacco （Nicotiana tabacum L.） cultivar Yunyan 87 as material， the effects of different varieties of potash fertilizer on the main chemical components of flue-cured tobacco were studied by field experiments. The results showed that under the potassium citrate treatment the total nitrogen and protein content had the most suitable value in each period of fresh tobacco， and the nitrogen metabolism was the most coordinating in tobacco plants； the content of reducing sugar and organic potassium of fresh tobacco were also improved. Among the chemical compositions and their ratio in flue-cured leaves， the protein content was the highest under the KNO3 treatment. The potassium content， chloride ion and sulfate content were the highest under the K2SO4 treatment， but the organic potassium content was the lowest. Under the potassium citrate treatment， the chloride ion and protein content was the lowest， while the content of organic potassium， reducing sugar and total sugar， and the ratio of K2O/Cl were the highest， so the quality of tobacco was the best. Overall， the quality of fresh leaves and flue-cured tobacco were both the best under the potassium citrate treatment.

Key wordsTobacco； Potassium fertilizer； Growth and development； Chemical composition

烟草是喜钾作物。钾是烟叶燃烧的助剂，能够显著改善烟叶的燃烧性，改善烟叶香气、吃味及品质，其含量是决定烟叶品质好坏的一个关键因素。钾以离子或盐的形态存在于植物体内，其对于碳水化合物的合成和细胞间营养物质的运输有重要作用，能促进光合作用，有利于氮、磷等元素的吸收，使氮和烟碱的含量相对稳定。选用适宜品种的钾肥，不仅可以保证烟株生长代谢的正常运行和烟株的健壮生长，而且对于改善烟叶品质尤为重要。目前对烤烟施肥研究多集中于氮、磷、钾施用比例和不同钾肥配比、形态对烟叶产量和常规化学成分的影响方面，且多使用硫酸钾、硝酸钾等速效化肥，而使用相伴离子为有机阴离子的柠檬酸钾对烤烟主要化学成分影响的研究相对较少。……