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可降解氨基羧酸型螯合剂在重金属污染

2015-10-21刘艺芸等

山东农业科学 2015年5期

刘艺芸等

摘要:螯合剂应用于重金属污染土壤的修复存在安全隐患,由于使用不可降解螯合剂会造成地表水和地下水的二次污染,严格的环保法规促使全球企业生产更为安全的生物可降解螯合剂,以代替现在广泛使用的EDTA和DTPA等非生物降解型螯合剂。本文介绍了一些新型生物可降解的螯合剂包括 GLDA、IDSA、AES、EDDS和NTA等,综述了这些螯合剂在重金属污染土壤修复方面的应用,总结了现阶段可降解螯合剂在重金属污染土壤修复应用研究中的主要成果并对今后的研究方向进行了展望。

关键词:氨基羧酸型螯合剂;重金属;污染土壤修复;生物降解

中图分类号:X53文献标识号:A文章编号:1001-4942(2015)05-0136-05

Application Research Progress of Biodegradable Aminopolycar-Boxylate

Chelating Agents on Soil Remediation Contaminated by Heavy Metal

Liu Yiyun1, Cui Shuang1*, Zhang Qianru2, Zhao Yanfeng1, Ma Yan3, Bai Mingsong4

(1. College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun 113001, China;

2. Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,

Shenyang 110016, China; 3.Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County Bureau of Culture, Broadcast, Television and Sports, Xinbin 113200, China;

4. North Sewage Treatment Plant, Guodian Northeast Environmental Protection Industry Group Co.,Ltd., Shenyang 113000, China)

AbstractThe application of chelating agents on remedying the soils contaminated by heavy metals is unsafe because non-biodegradable ones can cause secondary pollution to surface water and groundwater. The strict environmental regulations promote the global enterprises to produce safer biodegradable chelating agents to replace the widely used non-biodegradable once such as EDTA and DTPA. In this paper, some new biodegradable chelators, such as GLDA, IDSA, AES, EDDS and NTA were introduced, and their application effects and the main achievements on remedying the soils contaminated by different heavy metals were summarized; at last, the research directions in future were prospected.

Key wordsAminopolycar-boxylate chelating agents; Heavy metal; Contaminated soil remediation; Biodegradation

螯合剂是对金属离子具有极强捕捉能力的一种物质,分子中有可供配位的孤对电子,金属离子能取代其配位原子上的氢(或钠)而进入螯合环中,形成水溶性螯合物得以去除。螯合剂分为无机类和有机类两种,有机螯合剂主要有氨基羧酸类、有机膦酸类、羟基羧酸类、聚羧酸类等。氨基羧酸类螯合剂(Aminopolycar-boxylate chelating agents,简称APCAs)是指一大类含有氮和氧原子的有机化合物,它们几乎能与所有的金属离子形成稳定的螯合物,因此,已经并将继续广泛应用于包括有毒重金属污染土壤处理在内的各种工业过程。

APCAs类螯合剂自从20世纪40年代就被应用于工业的各个分支,包括有毒重金属污染土壤和废弃材料的处理。有机螯合剂以氨基羧酸类应用最早,如EDTA(乙二胺四乙酸)和DTPA(二乙三胺五三乙酸)应用于洗涤制剂、化妆品、纸浆的漂白、水处理、医药、纺织工业和环保等行业中。……

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