王萍　曾颖　姚敦秋等

摘要 [目的] 探讨与奶牛产奶量关系密切的气象因子。[方法] 在冷水江市金汉乳业养殖场开展试验，探讨气温与奶牛产奶量的关系。[结果] 冷水江市黑白花牛产奶的适宜温度为12.5～24.4 ℃，当平均气温≥25.0 ℃、极端最高气温>35.0 ℃时，不利于提高奶牛产奶量。炎热高温对奶牛产奶极为不利，产奶量随着极端最高温度的升高而减少。奶牛耐寒性较强，0 ℃以下的低温对产奶量有一定影响，但影响不显著。[结论] 7～8月的炎热高温是影响冷水江市奶牛产奶量的关键因子。

关键词 奶牛；产奶量；温度；关系

中图分类号S823.9+1文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611（2015）07-155-02

Relationship between Temperature and Milk Yield of Dairy Cows

WANG Ping， ZENG Ying， YAO Dun-qiu et al

（Lengshuijiang Meteorological Bureau， Lengshuijiang， Hunan 417500）

Abstract [Objective] The research aimed to discuss meteorological factors that had a close relationship with the milk yield of dairy cows. [Method] An experiment was conducted in Jinhan dairy farm in Lengshuijiang City to discuss the relationship between air temperature and milk yield of dairy cows. [Result] The optimum temperature for producing milk of Black and White Dairy Cattle in Lengshuijiang City was 12.5～24.4 ℃. When the average air temperature≥25.0 ℃ and the extreme maximum temperature was more than 35.0 ℃， it was unfavorable for improving the milk yield of dairy cows. High temperature was favorable for the milk yield of dairy cows. The milk yield of dairy cows decreased with the increase of extreme maximum temperature. The dairy cows had stronger cold resistance. Low temperature of less than 0 ℃ had some influences on the milk yield， but the influences were not significant. [Conclusion] High temperature from July to August was the key factor that affected the milk yield of dairy cows in Lengshuijiang City.

Key words Dairy cows； Milk Yield； Temperature； Relationship

牛奶是人们日常生活的必需品，奶牛养饲和产奶量与气象条件关系密切。由于南方高温炎热，奶牛产奶量低，市场供应紧缺，因此进行奶牛产奶量与气象条件的关系研究，找出产奶量与气象条件的关系，对于提高奶牛产奶量、发展奶牛产业和满足人们生活质量提高的需要具有重要意义。冷水江市金汉乳业养殖场现有130头奶牛，其中成年母牛56头，青年牛74头。笔者在冷水江市金汉乳业养殖场开展试验，对气象要素进行观测，探讨其与奶牛产奶量的关系。

1材料与方法

1.1试验对象

选取冷水江市金汉奶牛场饲养的奶牛为试验对象。

1.2仪器

干湿球温度表、最高温度表、最低温度/湿度表。

1.3试验方法

在奶牛场固定10头奶牛每天进行产奶量测定。

1.4数据处理

使用Excel软件对试验数据进行统计与分析。

2 结果与分析

2.1牛舍内温度与奶牛生育及泌乳的关系