土洋杂交猪产肉性能研究进展
2015-04-08孙京新等
孙京新等
摘 要:为了改进猪的产肉性能,我国在土洋杂交猪方面研究较早且较深入,经过选种、选配、横交、提纯等,已培育出肉质好、生长快的杂交新品种猪,特别是土洋杂交猪。本文主要综述了我国民猪与洋猪杂交、太湖猪与洋猪杂交、互助八眉猪与洋猪杂交、莱芜猪与洋猪杂交、玉山黑猪与洋猪杂交几种土洋杂交猪的特点及其屠宰率、瘦肉率、食用品质等产肉性能,旨在为肉制品加工过程原料选择及其产品品质优化提供参考。
关键词:土洋杂交猪;产肉性能;研究进展
Progress in Meat Production Performance of Native-Foreign Hybrid Pigs
SUN Jingxin1, ZHANG Xiaojiao2, YU Bing1, ZHANG Caiyan1, JIN Yajing1, MA Lizhou2, LIU Xiangwei2
(1. College of Food Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China;
2. Shandong Heshi Group Co.Ltd., Qingdao 266061, China)
Abstract: China has a long history of applying hybrid breeding methods to improve the meat production performance of pigs, which have been thoroughly researched in the country. New hybrid breeds with good meat quality and rapid growth especially hybrids between native and foreign breeds have been developed. This paper reviews the characteristics, carcass dressing percentage, lean meat percentage, and eating quality of hybrid pigs of foreign breeds with Chinese native breeds such as Min, Taihu, Huzhu Bamei, Laiwu, or Yushan, aiming to provide useful information for selecting raw materials for the production of meat products and optimizing the product quality.
Key words: native hybrid pigs; meat production performance; research progress
中图分类号:TS251.2 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-8123(2015)01-0031-04
doi: 10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-201501008
我国的地方猪种(土猪)肥肉率高、生长慢、产仔较多、人工养殖效益较低。而国外的猪种(洋猪)如白猪产肉性能则与之相反。为了提高经济效益,我国从1958年就开始进行猪的杂交选育实验。经过选种、选配、横交、提纯等,已培育出肉质好、生长快的杂交新品种猪,特别是土洋杂交猪,如哈白猪(约克夏×东北民猪)、新淮猪(淮猪×大约克夏)、欧得莱猪(莱芜黑猪×大约克夏)等。
产肉性能一般包括肥育特性和肉质特性两方面。最开始主要集中在“量”的方面即肥育特性研究。直到1966年,英国诺丁汉大学Lawrie博士于首版肉类科学专著Meat Science中提出“肉质”的现代概念[1]。数十年来国际专刊Meat Science 的出版和历届国际肉科技大会的交流,使传统“肉质”概念推陈出新。现代“肉质”概念由丹麦学者Anderson归纳为5种属性:食用质量、营养质量、技术质量、卫生质量和人文质量。本文重点对我国土洋杂交猪产肉性能研究进展进行了介绍。……
