不同的冷冻和解冻方式对鸡肉品质的影响
2015-04-08于冰等
于冰等
摘 要:研究不同的冷冻和解冻方式对鸡肉品质的影响,采用―18 ℃的普通式冷冻(普冻)和液氮速冻(速冻)两种冷冻方式,4 ℃的空气自然解冻(空解)和低变温(2 ℃→6 ℃→2 ℃)高湿(相对湿度>90%)解冻(变温解)两种解冻方式。设计普冻+空解、普冻+变温解、速冻+空解、速冻+变温解4 种不同的冷冻和解冻处理组,测定各处理组鸡肉样品的保水性(解冻汁液流失率、滴水损失率、加压失水率、蒸煮损失率)、嫩度等指标并进行十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,SDS-PAGE)。结果表明:速冻比普冻的干耗率降低1.07%,速冻+变温解处理组的保水性最好,其解冻汁液流失率、滴水损失率、加压失水率、蒸煮损失率分别为0.22%、0.54%、44.53%、11.93%(P<0.05),每个处理组的鸡肉肌浆蛋白发生不同程度的降解,速冻+变温解处理组的肌浆蛋白降解程度最小。液氮速冻+低温高湿变温解冻工艺在降低鸡肉冷冻和解冻过程中品质劣变、增加鸡肉保水性、减少损失的效果是最好的。
关键词:冷冻;解冻;鸡肉品质;保水性
Effects of Different Freezing and Thawing Processes on Chicken Quality
YU Bing1, SUN Jingxin1,*, YU Linhong1, LIU Gongming1, HUANG Ming2, XU Xinglian2
(1. College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China;
2. College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China)
Abstract: The objective of this work was to elucidate the effects of two different freezing methods, ordinary freezing at ?18 ℃ (freezing 1) and liquid-nitrogen quick freezing (freezing 2), and two different thawing methods, natural thawing at
4 ℃ (thawing 1) and thawing at fluctuating low temperatures (2 ℃ first and then 6 ℃ and 2 ℃ again) and a high humidity higher than 90% (thawing 2), on chicken quality. Four freezing-thawing treatments including 1 + 1, 1 + 2, 2 + 1, and 2 + 2
were designed. Chicken samples from four treatment groups were measured for water retention properties (juice loss, dripping loss, high-pressure water loss, and cooking loss) and tenderness and subjected to protein analysis by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The results showed that the weight loss of quick frozen chicken was reduced by 1.07% compared with that of ordinary frozen sample. The best water retention properties were obtained by using freezing 2 + thawing 2, and the resulting thawing loss, dripping loss, high-pressure loss and cooking loss were 0.22%, 0.54%, 44.53%, and 11.93% (P < 0.05), respectively. Degradation of sarcoplasmic proteins was observed to different degrees in all treatment groups, which was minimized by freezing 2 + thawing 2. Moreover, this treatment was the most effective for reducing deterioration of chicken quality, increasing water holding properties and decreasing weight loss during freezing and thawing.
Key words: freezing; thawing; meat quality; water retention
中图分类号:TS251.5 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-8123(2015)01-0006-04
doi: 10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-201501002
目前我国冷冻肉品存在冻结干耗率大,保水性差等严重质量问题[1]。该问题的存在,影响其食用性品质,也会造成一定的经济损失[2]。不同的冷冻和解冻方式对冻结肉品质有较大的影响,如何优化冷冻和解冻处理,克服以上质量缺陷,是目前研究的热点。
不同的冷冻方式对肉类的保水性有较大的影响。有研究表明,冷冻冷藏过程中水分的干耗和肌肉组织的严重脱水会导致肉类蛋白质冷冻变性和老化、烹调时口感发渣等现象[3]。冻藏肉的品质不仅受冷冻方法及冻结速率等的影响,而且冻藏肉解冻过程中冰晶体大小与分布及解冻过程汁液流失对肉品品质也产生直接影响[4]。梁伟廉等[6]报道,液氮速冻可以降低对肉类微观结构的破坏,减少肉类的汁液流失和营养损失,提高肉类的质量、卫生安全,从而延长肉类货架期。余……
