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右美托咪定与吗啡鞘内注射在开腹子宫肌瘤剔除术中的作用比较

2015-03-13齐晓非李泳刘丹勇

中国医药导报 2015年5期

齐晓非 李泳 刘丹勇

[摘要] 目的 对比鞘内右美托咪定与鞘内吗啡在妇科开腹子宫肌瘤手术麻醉中的作用。 方法 选择南方医科大学附属深圳市妇幼保健院2014年6~10月择期行开腹子宫肌瘤剔除术患者120例,随机分为3组,右美托咪定(BD)组、吗啡(BM)组、对照组(B组),每组40例。均行腰硬联合麻醉,BD组腰麻药为含右美托咪定5 μg的布比卡因10 mg,BM组腰麻药为含吗啡0.1 mg的布比卡因10 mg,B组为0.5%布比卡因10 mg。观察感觉和运动阻滞情况;恶心呕吐、瘙痒、寒战等不良反应情况;术后4、8、12、24 h镇痛情况。 结果 鞘内注射右美托咪定(BD组)能延长感觉和运动阻滞时间,与B组相比[感觉阻滞时间:(251.25±40.24)min比(189.44 ± 38.97)min,运动阻滞时间:(226.31±40.72)min比(164.94±26.11)min],差异有高度统计学意义(P < 0.01)。鞘内注射右美托咪定(BD组)与吗啡(BM组)有类似的镇痛作用,镇痛维持时间分别是(17.5±8.3)h和(16.3±7.2)h,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。BD组瘙痒、寒战发生率较BM组明显减少,差异有高度统计学意义(P < 0.01)。 结论 右美托咪定可以替代吗啡作为鞘内辅助用药而无明显不良反应。

[关键词] 右美托咪定;子宫肌瘤剔除术;鞘内;吗啡

[中图分类号] R714 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2015)02(b)-0059-04

[Abstract] Objective To compare the effects of intrathecal injection of Dexmedetomidine and Morphine in anesthesia of transabdominal myomectomy. Methods 120 patients underwent selective transabdominal myomectomy in Shenzhen Maternity and Child Care Center Affiliated to Southern Medical University from June to October 2014 were selected and divided into 3 groups: Bupivacaine combined with Dexmedetomidine (BD) group, Bupivacaine combined with Morphine (BM) group, control (Bupivacaine, B) group, each group had 40 cases. All groups were given combined spinal epidural anesthesia. Group BD given 10 mg Bupivacaine and 5 μg Dexmedetomidine; group BM given 10 mg Bupivacaine and 0.1 mg Morphine; group B given 10 mg 0.5% Bupivacaine only. Sensory and motion block situation, adverse reactions of nausea and vomiting, pruritus, chills; analgesia situation of 4, 8, 12, 24 h after operation were observed and compared between the two groups. Results Intrathecal injection of Dexmedetomidine (BD group) could prolong sensory and motion block, compared with the B group [sensory block time: (251.25±40.24) min vs (189.44±38.97) min; motor block time: (226.31±40.72) min vs (164.94±26.11) min], the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.01). Dexmedetomidine (BD group) had similar analgesia effect with Morphine (BM group), the duration of analgesia was (17.5±8.3) h and (16.3±7.2) h respectively, the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The incidence of pruritus and chills in the BD group was less than that in the BM group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01). Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can replace Morphine as intrathecal adjuvant drug and has little obvious adverse reaction.

[Key words] Dexmedetomidine; Transabdominal myomectomy; Intrathecal; Morphine

目前妇科开腹手术的术后镇痛常用椎管内吗啡,其已经被证实可以增强术后镇痛作用。吗啡0.2 mg腰麻用于剖宫产,镇痛作用时间可达20 h左右[1]。鞘内辅助5~25 μg芬太尼能提供1~4 h镇痛,使感觉和运动阻滞起效时间快,作用时间延长[2]。但阿片类辅助药也有一定的副作用,如瘙痒、呼吸抑制、恶心呕吐和尿潴留等。近年来,有研究将α2受体激动剂作为椎管内辅助药。α2受体激动剂可乐定辅助局麻药鞘内使用,能增加局麻药效果并减少局麻药用量[3-5],延长局麻药感觉和运动阻滞时间[6-7]。

右美托咪定是α2受体激动剂,为美托咪定的活性右旋异构体,具有抗交感、镇静和镇痛的作用。……

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