海南山荣农场荔枝生产现状及其前景分析
2014-11-24黄家健董保健范海斌
黄家健+董保健+范海斌
摘 要 海南省乐东县是发展特早熟荔枝的理想地区,山荣农场地处乐东盆地,结合自身资源优势,经过近20年的生产实践和产业结构调整,荔枝已发展成为该农场优势特色的经济作物。本文根据海南山荣农场的气候特点和地理优势,总结了海南山荣农场荔枝发展的历史和现状,分析了该地区荔枝的发展前景,最后指出,目前,山荣农场荔枝的发展仍存在受土地资源制约、品牌建设缺乏、市场不稳定、基础设施薄弱和技术含量低等问题。
关键词 荔枝生产 ;种植面积 ;市场价格 ;问题
中图分类号 S667.1
Present Situation and Development Perspective of Litchi Industry at Shanrong Farm in Hainan
HUANG Jiajian DONG Baojian FAN Haibin
(Hainan Designing Institute of Farms and Land Reclamation,Haikou, Hainan 570226)
Abstract Litchi cultivation has a long history from two thousand years ago. Litchi industry is one characteristic of tropical modern agriculture in Hainan. Ledong county in Hainan is the paradise for litchi growing. Shanrong farm,located in Ledong Basin,has the preponderant resources. Litchi industry has become a competitive industry through nearly 20 years of production practice and industrial structure adjusting in Shanrong farm. This research summarizes the development situation of litchi industry in Hainan,including its cultivated acreage and market price. According to the advantage of the geographic conditions and climate,The paper analyzes developing history,present situation and future of litchi industry in Shanrong farm. At present,there still exist many questions to be solved in the development,including limited land resource,brand building shortage,unstable market,weak infrastructure and low technology.
Key words litchi industry ; cultivated acreage ; market price ; problem
海南地处热带,光热资源丰富,雨量充沛,荔枝栽培历史悠久。据2013年海南省统计年鉴数据,截至2012年,海南省年末荔枝种植面积达2.4万hm2。中国鲜食荔枝一般从5月初至8月底均有销售,销售期超4个月。而海南因其独特的气候特征,已占全国4 %的产量,单独供应市场期长达1个月,即4月中旬至5月中旬,之后广东荔枝才逐渐上市。
海南荔枝虽上市早,总体销售价格较高,但一直以来,其销售价格前后期波动过大,不能形成稳定的收益。近年来,随着市场趋于理性,经自身不断调整,全省荔枝种植面积缓慢下降,而种植面积不减反增,乐东县部分适宜区更适宜早熟荔枝生长,荔枝成熟期更早,且品相较好,卖出的价格更高,成为发展特早熟荔枝的理想地区。
1 海南山荣农场荔枝发展历史与现状
1.1 气候特点与优势
山荣农场乐中分场地处乐东、保亭交……
