陈华芳+柯雪梅

[摘要] 目的 普及厦门市群众鼠疫防治知识，评估近年来鼠疫健康教育活动的效果。 方法 开展鼠疫防治知识知晓率基线调查后，通过发放宣传小册子、宣传画及出版墙报等开展鼠疫知识健康教育后，随机抽取目标人群采用同样的调查问卷进行干预后调查，并与基线进行比较。 结果 目标人群鼠疫防治知识总知晓率由健康教育前68.40%上升到89.73%。群众获得鼠疫防治知识的途径多种多样，以为宣传单为主。 结论 健康教育是必要的，可以强化群众的健康意识。

[关键词] 鼠疫; 健康教育; 评估

[中图分类号] R254.8[文献标识码] A[文章编号] 1674-4721（2014）05（c）-0154-02

The plague health education and impact assessment in Xiamen city

CHEN Hua-feng KE Xue-mei

Department of Disinfection and Vector Prevention and Control,the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Xiamen City,Xiamen361021,China

[Abstract] Objective To popularize the knowledge of the plague prevention and control,and to evaluate the effect of health education in recent years.Methods After developing investigation of the baseline survey of the knowledge of the plague,then health education was conducted through giving out publicity brochures,posters and publishig wall newspaper to evaluate the effect of the health education by the same questionnaire survey after intervention by the randomly selected target people. Results The knowledge rate increased from 68.40% to 89.73% after health education about plague in the target people.There were many ways to obtain the plague knowledge for the public,the main way was leaflet. Conclusion Health education training was necessary,it can strengthen the people′s health sciousness.

[Key words] Plague;Health education;Assessment

鼠疫是中华人民共和国传染病防治法规定的甲类传染病，曾引起3次世界范围的大流行，对人民生命健康造成严重的危害[1]。近20多年来，国内外鼠疫疫情再度活跃，四川、青海、新疆等多地出现鼠间或人间鼠疫疫情[2-4]。厦门市是鼠疫历史疫区，目前仍处于静息期[5]，但鼠疫是一种无法预警的疾病[6]，鼠疫疫源地静息期100多年后重新发生鼠疫流行[7]，存在复燃不确定性，加上厦门独特的地理位置，交通发达，存在外来传染源输入可能，因此，普及鼠疫防治知识，提高群众对鼠疫发现和报告的主动性、及时性，显得尤为重要。我们在鼠疫监测期间对目标人群开展了鼠疫防治知识知晓率和健康教育干预后的知晓率调查。

1 对象与方法

1.1 研究对象

选取厦门市鼠疫省级监测点同安、海沧、集美区12～65周岁之间常住居民。健康教育前、后均采用系统抽样的方法抽取样本乡（镇、街道），再按随机方法抽取样本乡村（镇、街道）的住户进行调查。……