[摘要] 目的 了解2013年新化县麻疹流行特征，为下一步控制和消除麻疹工作提供科学依据。 方法 统计中国疾病预防控制信息系统网络直报数据及麻疹调查处置资料，采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。 结果 2013年新化县共报告麻疹疑似病例411例，麻疹确诊病例61例，无临床诊断病例及死亡病例报告。2013年麻疹发病率较前5年明显上升，病例间无聚集性。麻疹发病年龄呈现小月龄儿童（＜8个月）为主的特征，其次为8个月～1岁年龄组。性别以男性为主。应有麻疹疫苗免疫史者中无免疫史者占50.00%，免疫史不详者占19.44%。发病前7～21 d内有医疗机构就诊史者占39.34%。 结论 为早日实现消除麻疹的目标，应进一步开展宣传教育，加强重点人群管理和接种工作，开展成人免疫，特别是育龄妇女疫苗的接种，落实查验预防接种证，加强疫情监测，及时有效处置疫情。

[关键词] 麻疹；流行特征；预防控制

[中图分类号] R183[文献标识码] A[文章编号] 1674-4721（2014）05（c）-0150-04

Analysis of epidemiological characteristic and control measure of measles in Xinhua County in 2013

YUAN Ding

Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Xinhua County in Hunan Province,Xinhua417600,China

[Abstract] Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristic of measle in Xinhua County in 2013 in order to provide scientific evidence for further improving the control and elimination of measles. Methods The data from national disease report system and survey information of measles were collected.All the data were analyzed by the method of descriptive epidemiology. Results 411 suspected cases of measles were reported in Xinhua County in 2013,with 61 cases confirmed,no clinical diagnosis case and death case.Measles incidence in 2013 increased obviously compared with the last five years.There was no clustering between cases.The highest measles incidence occurred among infants＜8 months,followed by the infants aged 8-12 months.The majority was male.In measles cases that had measles vaccine immunization history,50.00% were non-vaccinated and 19.44% were uncertain.39.34% of the cases sought treatment in hospitals. Conclusion To eliminate measles,it is necessary to strengthen management of susceptible crowd and vaccination.Adult vaccination should be promoted,especially for women of childbearing age.Checking the vaccination certificate,identifying and controlling epidemics on time and promoting propaganda on public,should be important measures in the future.

[Key words] Measles;Epidemic characteristic;Prevention and control

麻疹是由麻疹病毒引起的急性呼吸道传染病，主要表现为发热、咳嗽、流鼻涕、眼结膜炎、口腔黏膜特殊的科氏斑（又称麻疹黏膜斑）和广泛的皮肤斑丘疹，可伴腹泻，严重者可并发肺炎、喉炎等。我国自1965年开始使用麻疹疫苗，自1978年实施儿童计划免疫以来，麻疹发病率呈下降趋势，其流行得到有效控制，但2005年麻疹发病大幅回升[1]，近年来我国麻疹发病出现全面反弹态势，个别地区甚至出现了暴发流行。从麻疹发病的年龄构成看，1岁以内婴儿麻疹病例较以前有所增加[2]。……