崔艳波  吕庆梅  夏远梅  徐艳华  张桂英

[摘要] 目的 通过对国内外专科护士概念、培养对象、认证机构、角色要求、资格审查等方面内容介绍，寻求适合中国精神卫生专业专科护士培养的模式框架。 方法 对国内外精神科护理人力资源的培训现状进行调查,进行对比评价。 结果 国外专科护士培养起步早、起点高，已形成规范、科学的系统的培训模式，国内精神科专科护士培养刚刚起步，各省份规定尚不统一，采取参照国家培训的方式。 结论 卫生行政部门及各级精神卫生护理管理者共同努力制定适合我国国情的精神科专科护士培训方案与培训内容,加大精神科专科护士培训力度,为精神专科护士培养提供理论依据。

[关键词] 精神科专科护士；临床护理专家；培养

[中图分类号] R473   [文献标识码] B   [文章编号] 2095-0616（2014）08-125-03

The training situation of psychiatric nurses: A domestic and foreign analysis

CUI Yanbo  LV Qingmei  XIA Yuanmei  XU Yanhua  ZHANG Guiying

Jilin Neurosurgical Hospital, Siping 136000,China

[Abstract] Objective To explore suitable for cultivation Chinese mental health professional nurses mode, to domestic and international nurses training concept, object, certification bodies, role requirements, qualification and other aspects. Methods A survey of domestic and foreign training methods spirit of nursing human resources,comparative evaluation. Results The foreign specialist nurses training started early,a high starting point,had formed a system specification,scientific training mode,the domestic psychiatric nurse training had just started,the province of regulations were not unified,to refer to the national training. Conclusion The health administrative departments and all levels of the conclusion and mental health nursing administrators develop programs and training content of the psychiatric nurses,which suits our country national condition,increase the psychiatric nurse training efforts,to provide the theoretical basis for the psychiatric nurse training.

[Key words] Psychiatric nurse;Clinical nursing specialist;Training

精神科护士是一个较为特殊的群体，环境隔离、患者病情复杂、工作量大、有风险性，对护士专业能力要求高[1]。我国护理队伍的现状是护士数量不足，缺乏高学历、具有渊博知识和熟练技能的护理专家[2]。有关资料显示，精神科床护比应为1∶0.4[3]，而全国精神卫生机构1124家，多数医院护士配备不足，同时大中城市精神卫生机构加床情况非常普遍，护士忙于日常事务及看护占据了护士的整个工作时间，加上护士本身认识也存在一定问题，专业化护理更是难上加难[4]。

专科护士的概念始于20世纪初期，最早是在美国提出并实施，继美国之后，加拿大、英国、日本也相继实施培养制度，逐渐扩展到临床的许多专业[5]。……