汤华东

摘 要：高中英语阅读试题选文广泛，内容丰富。我们拿到阅读文段时，并非所有的单词都能认识和理解，这就要求我们在完成阅读题时，学会“猜”词，以便更好地读懂文本，完成后面的试题。

关键词：中学生 英语阅读 猜词 方法

中图分类号：G633.4 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1003-9082（2014）04-0106-01

阅读理解是英语考试的题型之一，如何做好这类题型，正确理解生单词在文章中的意思，给中学生带来了很大的困惑。为了解决这个难题，在日常教学中，我有意识，有步骤的引导学生通过上下文推测生单词的意思，现总结如下。

一、通过上下文猜测词义

任何一篇文章的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有联系。因此，我们要利用上下文提供的情景和线索进行合乎逻辑的分析，进而猜测出词义。

例 1：I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car， so this was the first time I was on a train. I did not particularly relish the long train journey and had brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the train. There was not one familiar face. I sighed and sat down to read my Economics.

根据该段的“had brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the train. There was not one familiar face. I sighed and sat down to read my Economics.”可知作者不喜欢坐火车去旅行，relish 的意思是“喜欢”与 enjoy 同义。

二、借助同义词， 反义词猜词义

例1：“why are you weeping？ " “I am crying for my poor cat，”the girl said. 借助同义词crying， 可以推测出weeping 与 crying 同义。例 2：Unlike his brother， who is truly a handsome person， Tom is quite hideous. 借助unlike，可推测出 hideous 与 handsome 反义。

三、通过定义猜词义

例1：Anthropology is the scientific study of man. The anthropology department has created a track that allows students to earn a Bachelor of Science degree in anthropology with a health emphasis， which fulfills pre-requirements while teaching students how health care varies across cultures. Students will also learn about human nature， evolutionary adaptations and diversity. （选自上海卷题）

根据文章首句，可推测出划线词意思为“人类学”。

四、通过解释语推测词义

在新闻报道及科普类说明文中，生词后面往往用 that is， namely. in other words， or ， that is to say 来对其解释。

例 1.Jane is indecisive， that is to say， she cant make up her mind. 利用 that is to say，可推测划线词的意思是“犹豫不决的”。

例 2.If you have ever had bronchitis or a bad cold， you probably remember what the doctor did. 利用 or，可以推测划线词的意思是一种病。

五、通过标点符号推测词义

在阅读中，用逗号，破折号，冒号，引号和括号也可以解释某些单词的意思。例：

We are on the night shift---from midnight to 8a.m.---this week. 利用破折号，可以推测划线词的意思是“夜班”。……