大谷文书别本《开蒙要训》残片考
2014-04-29张新朋
内容摘要:文书定名,是敦煌吐鲁番文献整理的首要工作,直接关系到整理成果质量的高低。本文以日本龙谷大学所藏大谷文书为研究对象,对其中的《开蒙要训》残片进行清理。认定大谷3574、3577、10313(A)、10313(C)等13号《开蒙要训》残片,并进一步确定大谷3574、3577等11号为同一抄本,可以缀合;大谷10313(A)和10313(C)号为另一抄本。这两个抄本,是与敦煌本及此前认定的吐鲁番本《开蒙要训》有别的“别本《开蒙要训》”。
关键词:大谷文书;别本《开蒙要训》;考辨
中图分类号:G256.1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000-4106(2014)05-0081-06
A Study of the Otani Collection?蒺s Fragmental Version
of Kaimeng Yaoxun
ZHANG Xinpeng
(Institute of East Asian Cultures, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024)
Abstract: Paramount to the organization and classification of Dunhuang and Turfan documents is the identification of manuscripts, which determines the quality of work. Focusing on manuscripts from the Otani Collection of Ryukoku University in Japan, this paper sorts through fragments of Kaimeng Yaoxun(a book for children?蒺s enlightenment and education), identifies thirteen fragments, including NO.3574, 3577,10313(A), and 10313(C).The research confirms that eleven of these fragments are from the same copy of Kaimeng Yaoxun, while the other two, 10313(A)and 10313(C), belong to a separate copy. These two copies are different from both the Dunhuang version and the previously identified Turfan version of the same text.
Keywords: Otani manuscripts; another edition of Kaimeng Yaoxun; textual research
(Translated by WANG Pingxian)
收稿日期:2013-11-06
基金项目:浙江省哲学社会科学项目“敦煌吐鲁番童蒙读物对比研究”(12JCTQ02YB);浙江省教育厅科研项目“敦煌、吐鲁番文献蒙书残片研究”(Y201120126)
作者简介:张新朋(1979— ),男,河北省滦县人,浙江工商大学副教授,主要从事敦煌吐鲁番学、中国古典文献学研究。
《开蒙要训》是我国古代在中下层民众间广为流传的童蒙识字课本之一。它承袭周秦以来的《史籀篇》《苍颉篇》《凡将篇》《训纂篇》和《急就篇》等早期童蒙教材“积字成篇,协以韵语”的传统,选取1400个人们日常生活所常用的文字组织成篇。与大家熟知的《千字文》相比,《开蒙要训》行文构思上略显拙劣、呆板,所反映的内容更贴近村夫农妇、贩夫走卒等下里巴人的生活,走的是与《千字文》不同的路线,为宋代以后诸多“杂字”书的始祖。也许和这些因素有关,《开蒙要训》后来失传了。然唐五代时期,该书曾在敦煌、吐鲁番地区广为流传。端赖敦煌、吐鲁番文献的发现,使我们得以一睹其真实面目。……
