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高蛋白浓缩牦牛骨汤煮制工艺及风味分析

2012-09-12余群力张玉斌

食品工业科技 2012年16期

郑 娅,余群力,张玉斌

(甘肃农业大学食品科学与工程学院,甘肃兰州730070)

高蛋白浓缩牦牛骨汤煮制工艺及风味分析

郑 娅,余群力*,张玉斌

(甘肃农业大学食品科学与工程学院,甘肃兰州730070)

以牦牛骨为原料,采用Central Composite设计,通过测定浓缩骨汤中蛋白质含量,得出高蛋白浓缩牦牛骨汤最佳煮制工艺条件为:骨块径3cm、料液比3∶20、煮制时间4h,在此条件下煮制的牛骨汤,蛋白质含量较高,具有牛骨汤特有风味。通过GC/MS检测,高蛋白浓缩牦牛骨汤挥发性物质丰富,共74种,其特征香气主要来自醛类、酯类、醇类、酮类以及杂环类化合物,其中2,4-己二烯醛、反-2-庚烯醛、反式-2,4-癸二烯醛、反式-2-十二烯醛、反-2-己烯醛、苯并噻唑、4-丙烯基-2-甲氧基苯酚等物质都对高蛋白浓缩骨牛骨汤特征风味有贡献。高蛋白浓缩骨牛骨汤除了含有许多鲜牛骨所含有的特征性物质外,还产生了2,5-二甲基吡嗪、2,3-二甲基吡嗪、β-倍半水芹烯、2,3-辛二酮、1-辛烯-3-醇等形成骨汤风味的特色挥发性化合物。

高蛋白,牦牛骨汤,煮制,浓缩,风味

Abstract:Yak bone was raw material in this study,studied influence of optimization of concentrated bone soup of collagen protein content by Central composite design.It was concluded that the maximum response value corresponding to the optimal conditions which the bone block size was 3cm,liquid ratio was 3∶20,and boiling time was 4h.Under the condition,the bone soup decocted best,volatile substances were found in bone soup rich in volatile components of 74 kinds by GC/MS testing.The characteristic aroma was from aldehydes,esters,alcohols,ketones and heterocyclic compounds,including 2,4-sorbaldehyde,heptyl-2-hepenal,heptyl-2,4-decadienal,heptyl-2-dodecenal,heptyl-2-hexenal,benzothiazole,4-propenyl-2-methoxyphenol and so on which had contributed to concentrated bone soup characteristic flavour.In addition,contained many fresh bone that contains the characteristic substances,also produced a lot of material what the fresh bone did not contain.And it also produced 2,5-dimethylpyrazine,2,3-dimethylpyrazine,β -sesquiphellandrene,2,3-Octanedione,1-octene-3-alcohol and so on.

Key words:high protein;concentrated yak bone soup;boiling;concentrated;flavor

牦牛骨营养丰富,含有多种人体所需的营养物质,其中80%以上为组成胶原纤维的蛋白质[1]。牛骨中含有构成蛋白质的所有氨基酸,且比例均衡、必需氨基酸水平高属于优质蛋白。相对肉类产品而言,骨汤蛋白质含量丰富,含有容易被人体吸收利用的短肽游离氨基酸、维生素以及矿质元素等营养成分[2],是优质蛋白质营养资源,开发潜力巨大[3]。目前尚未报道对高蛋白浓缩牦牛骨汤中挥发性风味物质的研究。……

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