关键词杜仲；土壤肥力；有效成分；品质评价

中图分类号 S567.19 文献标识码A 文章编号 1007-7731（2025）15-0099-06

DOI号 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.15.024

Comprehensive evaluation of the quality of different parts of Eucommia ulmoides bark and its correlation analysiswithsoil physical and chemical properties

ZHANG Guoxia1，2LI Xiaoxing1FEI YuankaiZHOU Xinwei²ZHANG Jiachun ^1，2 （204号 （Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine， Guiyang 55oO25， China; ²Guizhou Botanical Garden，Guiyang 55ooO4， China; 3Zunyi Hongfeng Shengyuan Forestry Planting Professional Cooperative， Zunyi 5631Oo， China）

AbstractThis investigation aimed to explore thecomprehensive quality characteristics of diferent parts of Eucommiaulmoidesbarkandthedominantsoilfactorsaffecting itsquality.15-year-oldEucommiaulmoidesartificially cultivatedin Bozhou District， Zunyi City，Guizhou Province were taken astheresearch object.Soil samples coresponding to their growth and the bark of Eucommiaulmoides fromthe upper，middle and lower parts of the tree trunk respectivelywere collcted.Through the detectionofsoil physical and chemical properties，thecontentsof efctive components （pinoresinol diglucoside，genipin），trace elements （zinc，selenium，nickel，manganese，ron）and heavymetals （cadmium，copper，lead，arsenic，mercury）indifferentpartsofEucommiaulmoides bark were analyed，a comprehensivequality evaluation incombination with principal componentanalysiswasconducted，and correlation analysis between soil physical and chemical properties and the qualityof Eucommia ulmoides bark was caried out.The resultsshowedthatthecontents of pinoresinoldiglucosideand genipin，from hightolow，were in theorderof middle part gt; upper part gt; lower part. The contents of zinc，nickel and iron from high to low were in the order of upper part gt; （204号 lower part gt; middle part，and the contents of selenium and manganese from high to low were in the order of lower part gt; middle part gt; upper part.The heavy metal content in the bark of Eucommia ulmoides from the three parts did not exceed the standard.Principal component analysis indicatedthatthecomprehensive scores oftheupper，midle andlowerparts of Eucommia ulmoidesbark were 0.813，-0.278and-0.536 respectively，andthequalityof theupperpartof Eucommia ulmoides bark was beter.Correlationanalysis indicated that inthe upper partof Eucommia ulmoides bark，thecontentof resinol diglucoside was negativelycorelated withtheavailable phosphorus content inthesoil，andthelead content was negativelycorelatedwiththetotalphosphorus content inthesoil.Thearseniccontent waspositivelycorrelatedwithsoil pH，andthe mercurycontent was positivelycorrelated withthe available potassiumcontentinthesoil.Inthe middle part of Eucommiaulmoidesbark，thearseniccontent was negativelycorrelatedwith the total phosphorus contentof thesoil， and themanganese content was negativelycorrelated with thealkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen contentof thesoil.The mercury content was positively corelated with soil pH.In the lower part of Eucommia ulmoides bark，the contentof genipin was negativelycorrelated withthetotal phosphoruscontentofthesoil，thezinccontent wasnegativelycorrelated with the total nitrogencontent of thesoil，and the manganese content was negatively corelatedwith thealkalihydrolyzablenitrogen contentof thesoil.Thecoppercontentispositivelycorrelated with theavailable phosphorus contentin thesoil，andtheleadcontentispositivelycorelatedwith thesoil pH.Inconclusion，thesoilfertilityforthe growthof Eucommiaulmoides inthestudyarea is good，andthequalityof theupperpartof the Eucommiaulmoides bark is superior.Basedonthequalitydifferencesofdiffrentparts，itisadvisabletoharvesttheEucommiaulmoides bark by part to improve the eficiency of resource utilization.

Keywords Eucommia ulmoides; soil fertility;active ingredient; quality evaluation

杜仲（Eucommiaulmoides）是杜仲科杜仲属植物，主要分布于湖北、四川、云南、贵州、河南等地[1]。杜仲皮具有降血压、降血糖等多种药理作用，含有松脂醇二葡萄糖苷、京尼平、桃叶珊瑚苷等有效成分，其中松脂醇二葡萄糖苷是《中国药典》规定的杜仲皮含量测定的指标性成分[2-3]。杜仲作为大宗药材之一，目前已在多个领域广泛应用[4-6]

土壤是植物生长的物质基础，直接影响其产量和品质。张强等8研究指出，土壤肥力直接影响了黄芪的产量、品质和营养元素的含量以及初生、次生代谢产物的形成。李晶研究表明，土壤中全氮、速效钾、速效磷等物质的含量影响了丹皮化学成分的积累。闫文蓉等[研究认为，全氮含量的提高有利于丹参脂溶性成分的积累。李向民等研究表明，皂素含量与土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、有效铁、有效锌含量密切相关。杜仲有效成分、微量元素及重金属含量均是影响其品质的关键因素。当前关于杜仲皮的研究多集中于化学成分、药理作用及栽培技术等方面，其不同部位品质评价的研究有待进一步深入。为此，深人探究杜仲皮不同部位的品质差异，对充分发挥其药用价值具有重要意义。

本文以上、中、下3个部位杜仲皮为研究对象，分析其生长土壤pH及肥力，不同部位的有效成分、微量元素及重金属含量，并对土壤理化性质与杜仲皮品质进行相关性分析，为杜仲资源的高效利用及产业高质量发展提供参考。……