中图分类号 S144 文献标识码A 文章编号 1007-7731（2025）15-0070-04

DO1号10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.15.018

Researchontheapplicationofmicrobial fertilizerincropcultivation

ZHANGXin1 WANG Shouqi²

（ ¹ Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Yi'an District， Tongling 2441Oo， China; ²Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Yi'an District， Tongling 2441Oo， China）

AbstractThe positive significance of promoting and applying microbial fertilizers was summarized.Furthermore， their specific application in cropssuch as rice，wheat，sweet potato，rape，soybean，and peanut wasreviewed.The beneficial microrganismsin microbial fertilizerscoulddecomposeorganic materandactivatenutrients，thereby improving soil fertilityand plant disease resistance.Growth hormones secreted bythese microorganisms were shown to promote cropgrowth and increase yield and quality.Additionally，these microoganisms were capable of degrading pesticides，chemical fertilizers，and heavymetal pollutants while suppresing soil-borne pathogens，thus contributing to thesustainable development of agricultural ecosystems.Theapplication fectsofmicrobial fertilizerswere demonstrated in various crops.In rice cultivation，when combined with chemical fertilizers，the numberof grains per panicleand1OOo-grain weight weresignificantlyincreased，while thegerminationrateand yieldunderlowtemperature conditions were improved.In wheat cultivation，photosynthetic eficiencywasenhancedafter application，and the incidence of powderymildew and rust was efectivelyreduced.In sweet potatocultivation，thecontentsof starch， protein，and sugar weresignificantly increasedbythe application of microbial fertilizers.The germinationofrapeseed seds and the growth of seedlings were promoted when an appropriate amount was applied.In soybean and peanut cultivation，plant height，branch number，podyield，andqualitywere significantlyimprovedaftertheapplicationof microbial fertilizers.This paper providedareference forthescientific applicationand promotion of microbial fertilizers to support green and sustainable agricultural development.

Keywordsmicrobial fertilizer;crop;green fertilizer;soil fertility

随着作物绿色种植的发展，农作物生产、农产品品质和生态环境友好等成为当前农业生产的研究重点。生产绿色优质农产品是现代农业发展的趋势，农产品的食用安全成为人们普遍关心的问题[1-3]。

微生物菌肥作为一类多元素新型生物肥料，含有丰富的有益活性微生物（功能菌），这些有益菌株可以促进土壤养分的释放，提高肥料的利用率，促进作物根系的生长4。部分作物在栽培过程中长期大量施用化学肥料，可能会使土壤板结、肥力下降，还会对农田生态系统造成破坏，进而导致农作物产量和品质下降[5-6]。与化学肥料相比，微生物菌肥具有无污染、安全、低成本等优点，既可以改善土壤结构和生态环境，又可以提高土壤肥力。其通过直接或间接活化土壤养分，为作物生长发育提供营养物质。应用微生物菌肥可以减少化肥的施用量，保护生态环境，是有效缓解作物生产对化肥农药产生依赖的重要途径之一7。王佳等8以果树为例，探究了微生物菌肥在植物减肥增效中的应用，结果表明，其能改良土壤生态，增强植株抗病能力，进而提高果实产量和品质、改善农业生态环境。陈文东等研究指出，微生物菌肥和化肥合理配施可使苹果减肥增效，提高其品质。微生物菌肥因其肥料高效利用及绿色环保安全等优点，在促进农业可持续发展方面发挥重要作用[0]。

本文总结了推广应用微生物菌肥的积极意义，综述了其在水稻、小麦、甘薯、油菜、大豆和花生等作物中的具体应用，为科学施用与推广微生物菌肥、促进农业绿色可持续发展提供参考。……