上海奉贤区生态林病虫害发生与防治策略

2025-08-21赵娟

安徽农学通报 2025年15期

关键词：综合防治病虫害

关键词生态林；病虫害；为害程度；综合防治

中图分类号 S763 文献标识码A 文章编号 1007-7731(2025)15-0053-03

DOI号 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.15.013

Occurrence and control strategies of pests and diseases in ecological forests in FengxianDistrict，Shanghai

ZHAO Juan

(Shanghai FengxianDistrictForestryStation，Shanghai 2O14OO，China)

AbstractThe types of pestsand diseases，hostplants，degree of damageandaffected areas of ecological forests wereinvestigatedinFengxianDistrict，Shanghai through observationand investigationmethodsand fixed-point investigationmethods.Theresults showed that (1)Therewere12 maintypesof diseases in the ecological forestof this area，among which 2 types of diseases had a higher degree of damage，accounting for 16.67% . There were7 types with a severity of ⁺⁺ ， accounting for 58.33% .There are 3 typeswith a degree of harm of ⁺⁺⁺ ，accounting for 25.00% .(2) There were 20 speciesof major pests in ecological forests，belonging to19 families and7orders.Among them，there were 4 species of Lepidoptera，3 species of Coleoptera，6 species of Homoptera，2 speciesof Hymenoptera，2 speciesof Orthoptera， 2 species of Thioptera and 1 species of Diptera. The main pests with a degree of damage of +++ included Spodoptera litura，Monema flavescens，Ascotis selenaria，Anoplophra chinensisandMesoneurarufonota.Theafected plants included tree species such as Paulownia fortunei and Camphora ofcinarum，and the damaged parts were leaves， trunksand branches.Inresponse to theoccurrence ofpestsand diseases inthisarea，itis proposedtoremove weeds and whitewashtree trunks.Adopt strategiessuchasusing low-toxicity，highly efectiveandlow-residuebiological or chemical pesticides to control pests and diseases，inorder to reducethe frequency of pest anddisease occurrence.This study providesareference forthe preventionand control of majordiseasesand pests in ecological forests in relevant areas.

Keywordsecological forests; pests and diseases; degree of harm; comprehensive prevention and control

生态林是城市生态系统的重要组成部分，具有维护和改善生态环境、保持生态平衡、保护生物多样性等功能。在生态林营造过程中，若种植密度过高，会导致环境郁闭度过大，从而导致病虫害的发生[]。

相关学者在生态林病虫害等方面已有较多研究，如王焱等2研究表明，上海市呈现出林地面积持续增加、外来造林树木种类不断增多的态势，生态林和经济林中的病害发生频繁，对林业资源的健康与可持续发展造成一定影响。叶黎红等研究表明，从外地调运的生态林植物易受到各种病虫害侵袭，不利于其观赏价值和生态价值的发挥。杨仁霞研究表明，林业病虫害对林业生态环境的影响较大，严重的病虫害易导致树木枯萎、死亡，木材质量下降。本研究对上海奉贤区生态林的病虫害种类、为害程度、寄主植物、分布区域等进行调查分析，并提出防治措施，为相关地区生态林病虫害防治提供参考。

1材料与方法

1.1 研究区基本情况

研究区 (30^∘56N，120^∘27^′E 属于北亚热带海洋性季风气候，四季分明。年平均气温为 16^∘C ，日照充足，降水充沛，夏季湿热，冬季干冷。春季平均气温在 10～22° ，夏季平均气温高于，年平均梅雨量 197.4mm 。