摘 要 自先秦诸子以来，中国历史上诞生了无数读书成才的历史文化名人，但其中能自成一家、内涵独具且影响深远的读书法者，却亦有限，且究其身份，以具有执教授徒经历的文官学士为多，而近现代以来关注先贤读书之法者，亦多为教育界人士。论文通过评析张明仁编撰的《古今名人读书法》等书，梳理出中国古今人物的“读书方法论”内涵，包括目标明确的读书动机，积极主动的读书态度，以兴趣、爱好和人生发展愿景为导向的知识理性，经典精读与杂书博览结合的辩证法原则，以及接受与舍弃相结合的文化学识见，认为读者应在开卷阅读的实践行动中，理解、运用和掌握行之有实效的读书方法论。

关键词 《古今名人读书法》；“20世纪中国学者作家谈读书”文丛；读书方法

分类号 G252.17；G792

DOI 10.16810/j.cnki.1672-514X.2025.04.001

Abstract Since the era of pre-Qin philosophers， Chinese history has witnessed countless culturally eminent figures who achieved success through dedicated reading. Yet among these， only a limited number developed distinctive， profound， and influential reading methodologies. Historically， most were scholar-officials with teaching experience， while in modern times， those studying traditional reading methods have primarily been educators. Through critical analysis of Zhang Mingren’s Reading Methods of Ancient and Modern Eminent Figures and related works， this paper systematically examines the connotations of “Chinese reading methodology” across history， which encompasses： purpose-driven reading motivation with clearly defined objectives， proactive and self-directed learning attitudes， knowledge rationality guided by personal interests and life aspirations， the dialectical balance between intensive classical study and extensive eclectic reading， the discernment to accept or reject cultural knowledge. The paper argues that readers should comprehend， apply， and ultimately master effective reading methodologies through the concrete practice of engaged textual study.

Keywords Reading Methods of Ancient and Modern Eminent Figures. Chinese Scholars and Writers on Reading ： a 20th Century Collection. Reading methodology.

0 引言

“自孔子圣人，其学必始于观书。”（苏轼《李氏山房藏书记》）开卷读书的行为，经古往今来无数人士无数事例证明，是人们获取技能和知识、学习经验和智慧，以及继承思想、传承文化、修养心神的重要方式，具有“学之者，将殖焉；不学者，将落焉”[1]的规律。但作为“人类最具后天习得性的行为之一”，其实质在于“为了自己而读书”[2]1，19，于是一门在历代读书人经验基础上发展起来的，旨在研究阅读历史、阐释阅读内涵，进而指导阅读行为的“阅读学”，在上世纪八十年代的中国内地应运而生，并不断发展健全。

1 我国“阅读学”的创始学人及其在本世纪前后的代表性论著

“工欲善其事，必先利其器”（《论语·卫灵公》）。……