水产食品产业链高质量发展的关键问题与对策思考
2025-08-09程柳红
Thoughts and Development Opportunities on Key Issues in the Development of the Aquatic Food Industry Chain
CHENG Liuhong (Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Product Quality Inspection Research Institute, Nanning 530200, China)
Abstract: Based on the current situation of the industrial chain structure and the latest trends in each link, this paper reveals the systematic integrationcontradictions between factors such as germplasm safety,ecological carrying capacity,value creation,and markettrustthroughtypicalcases.Onthis basis,itisproposed todrive therevitalization of the seed industry through technological inovation,promote processing value-added and circulation effciency through green transformation,promote the integration of the entire industry chain and internationalcooperation through policycoordination,and build a breakthrough pathforqualityandsafetythrough risk prevention and control, providing reference for the high-quality development of the industry.
Keywords: aquatic food industry chain; germplasm innovation; value added processing; digital Transformation
水产食品产业链是保障粮食有效供给、推动农业现代化的重要支柱。近年来,我国水产养殖规模与加工技术方面取得显著进展,但仍面临种质资源退化、养殖效率低下、加工环节技术滞后、产品附加值低及质量监管体系不完善等结构性矛盾。与此同时,数字化转型与消费升级为产业发展带来了新机遇。本文聚焦水产食品产业链关键问题,系统探讨技术创新与政策优化路径,为突破产业瓶颈、实现高质量发展提供理论参考。
1水产食品产业链的结构与现状分析
1.1产业链结构
水产食品产业链以种苗繁育、养殖生产、加工增值、流通销售和消费服务为主线(图1)。种苗环节是产业基础,养殖环节为核心生产单元,加工环节决定产品附加值,流通销售环节衔接产销两端,政策与科技则贯穿全链条驱动产业发展。据农业农村部统计,中国水产养殖产量约占全球的 81.9% ,沿海省份贡献全国超 70% 的水产加工产值,内陆地区则依托特色品种形成了产业集群[1]。技术迭代进程中物联网、区块链、分子标记辅助育种等技术加速应用,推动产业链朝着数字化、绿色化方向转型升级。

1.2各环节发展现状与最新趋势
1.2.1种质创新与技术突破
水产种业长期面临种质退化与技术瓶颈双重挑战。传统育种技术导致主养品种生长性能衰退、抗病力不足,养殖存活率波动明显,如南美白对虾等关键品种仍高度依赖进口种虾,产业自主可控能力受限。……
