中图分类号：S718.3 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-923X（2025）07-0104-11

Study on flowering nutrient dynamics and soil environment changes of Phyllostachys nigra

SUNHui12， CAO Zhihua， WU Zhongneng'， FANG Minggang，PAN Xiaofang4， QIANKongping （1.AnhuiAcademyfFrestryieces，Hfeio88nuina;iaeForestBreedingNtioalLontetic ResearchBase，Chuzhou239，Anui，China;3.GuangdeForestryDevelopmentCenter，Guangde24220，Anuiina; 4.Shexian Forestry Bureau， Shexian24520o，Anhui， China）

Abstract：【Objective】ToexplorethedynamicoffoweringnutritionandhormonechangesofPhylostachysnigra，combinedwithte changesofsoileviroenandmicrorganmsinhylostchsngraforest，andompreensielynaletheeffctsofooead nutrientlevelsofoweringofPylostachsnigr，sostoprovidesientificbasisfoguidingthedevelopmntofmeasuretoelathe onsettimeofltg.etd】eetsnicbgsoso， iron，zinc，silconndooneinleavesof1，23and4yaroldfoweigandofoweringPlstchsnigaweremasredin Guangde.At the same time， 0-60cm soillayer was collected to determine soil nutrient and enzymeactivity content，and the composition ofsoilmicrobalommuityaseteriedbyightoughputsequencingtchology【Result】Afterfowering，arboniroge andphosphorusarelostinleaves，buttereisnosigfcantdiferenceinoganiccarbocontenamongbranches，talksandwips. Thecontentseooiacgraall theorderofPhyllostachysnigra leaves gt; branches gt; stalks，andthecontentsof nitrogen，calcium，magnesium，iron，zincandsilicon in PhyllstachysnigraleavesaremuchigherthantoseinPylostachysnigrabranches，stalksandwhips.hecontentsoftogen phosphorus，asg，ocdloichaooegpleltagt fromthoseofo-foweingPylostacsnigauttereisguardifeecebeteefoweingandon-foweinglch nigra at different ages.The C：N ofPhyllostachys nigra branches is higher than that of other organs，and the difference is significant. With the increase of forest age， the C：N of each organ show an increasing trend.The C：P of1 and 2 year old non-flowering organs is lowerthanthatoffoweringorgans，buthereisnosignifcantdiferenebetween3and4yearoldfoweringandon-foweringrgans. TheIAAcontetof12and3yarfoweringPylostachysnigaleaesisghertanthatofo-foweringleavesrespectivelye ABAcontentof1and2yearfoweringPhylostachysnigraleavesishighertanthatofnon-foweringleaves.TheCTKcontentof1and 2yearoldfoweingPhylostachs nigaleavesisower hanthatofnonfoweringeaves，ndtheABandCTKcontetof1ad2year oldleavesshowaregulardiferenceafterincreasingtheageto3years.Theabundanceofbacteriaandfungigenerainthesufacoilof Phylostchysnigrafrestishighertanthatiteeesoil.Amongalltesurfacesoils，tedemicactergeneaareteostite floweringforestofengcun.TelargestumberofuniquefungigeneraarefoundinthPylostachysnigrafoweringforestindicating thattheabundanceofsurfacesoilbacteriachangeafterPhylostachysnigraflowering.Theabundancesofthedominantbacterium Tumebacillseigctleadithtotagnaloldgnictecidosptas TheabundanceofdominantfungiTrichodermaissignifcantlycoelatedwithavailablepotassumandcatalase.【Conclusio】After flowering，thenutritionalelementsofPylostacysnigraleaves，stalks，branchesandwhipsallchange，butdonotsowrgular diferences.IAAcontentin1，2and3yearfoweringPhylostachysnigraleavesarehigherandshowingregularchanges.ThePDwhole tree of bacteria and fungi in 0-20cm surface soil of flowering Phyllostachys nigra forest is lower than that of non-flowering Phylostachysngraforest.FoweringPhyllostachysnigraplantshaveanefectontheiversityofbacteriaandfungiinsurfacesoil.

Keywords：Phyllostachysnigra;nutrient element; hormones; stoichiometry;soil microorganism

紫竹Phyllostachysnigra，禾本科竹亚科刚竹属中小型散生竹类。紫竹竹枝婀娜多姿，竹秆紫黑色颜色独特，为优良的观赏竹种；其材质柔韧致密，抗压抗拉，可用作工艺美术、家具制造、室内装饰和制作箫、笙、管、笛等民族乐器，为优良的特殊用材竹种，具有较高的经济价值[1-2]。省广德市紫竹林面积约 2 000hm² ，有“中国紫竹之乡”美誉，主要分布在东亭等乡镇。2020年紫竹陆续开花，近两年紫竹开花面积持续增大，给竹农带来了较大的经济损失。摸清紫竹开花的真正原因，探索延缓始花期对策，具有非常重要的现实意义。

我国共有竹类植物43属700余种，是世界上竹资源最丰富的国家[3]。由于竹类植物开花不可预测且一旦开花就会大规模死亡，对生态环境产生严重破坏，也对竹农造成很大损失。关于竹子开花原因的研究，目前主要从开花历史资料的分析、开花现象的观察和开花竹林的调查着手，提出了生长周期说、营养说、外因说、自由基理论、病理学说、个体变异和突变学说等原因[47]。研究者针对开花竹种提出的预防和更新措施，实际效果都不甚明显，竹类植物开花规律及应对措施目前还未有明确的结论[8-11]。

紫竹原产我国，在全国分布广泛，近年来、江苏、云南、山东等地均大面积开花，还未收集到种子，其开花期间营养元素、激素等变化鲜见报道[112]。本研究从比较分析紫竹开花与未开花植株各器官营养元素及叶片激素含量变化规律入手，结合紫竹林土壤环境及微生物变化，综合分析各种内源激素和营养水平对紫竹开花的影响，探寻紫竹开花的激素和营养机理，用以指导制定有关延缓紫竹始花时间的措施提供科学依据。……