桉树种植年限对土壤化学性质、酶活性及其微生物群落的影响
2025-08-09向旺韦振道任世奇伍琪朱慧李典云
中图分类号:S792.39 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1673-923X(2025)07-0134-10
Effects of eucalyptus planting years on soil chemical properties, enzyme activities and theirmicrobial communities
XIANG Wang1²,WEI Zhendao1²,REN Shiqi¹²,WU Qi1,2 ,ZHUHui1²,LIDianyun
(1.Guangxi ZhuangAutonomous Region ForestryResearch Institute,Nanning 53oo02,Guangxi, China; 2.Nanning EucalyptPlantationEcosystemObservationandResearch StationofGuangxi,Nanning 530o02,Guangxi,China; 3.Guangxi State-ownedHuangmianForest Farm,Liuzhou 545618,Guangxi, China)
Abstract:【Objective】Toarifyteeectsofucalyptusplantingyarsosoilemicalproprtiszectivitisadmoial communitiesdtoteetappropateellngpedofcalptusptatio,tusproidigasietiasisfortable ecologicalmanagementofucalyptusplantation.【Method】Eucalptusplatationsof0.5years(E1).5yars(E2),6yars (E3),
13yearsE4)andnaturalsecodaryforests(NF)wereusedforthetudySolemicalindicators,yeactivityndicoial communitydivesityndompositioneredteined,teetsofcalytuspantingyarsosoilemicaleaciityd microbialcommunityeraaledndthediferecesisoilpropertiesbetweeecalyptusplantationndatualscodayosts werecompared.【Result】1)Withtheextensionoftheeucalyptusplantingyearsofeucalyptus,themainnutrientcontentofthesoil andenzymeactivitiessowedanicreasingtrend.ComparedwithEandE2,totalposphorus(T),avalableposphousoil organicmater(OM),Solsucrase(SC)cidpospatase(ACP)atalase(CA)f3dE4resignicntlyreasde there were niti,Atlosi(T)bleassi(AK)O,CCeUE) betweenE1andE2.Idiion,,TKtotalitrogenilableitrogen(A),OdCofeesignitlgr thanthoseincatuspatationitttigars,uttreeiantdireceiA,KCd UEbetweenE4andNF;2)Thebacterialcommunitydiversityindex increasedsignifcantlywiththeageofeucalyptus(exceptforthe Simpsonindex),butthefungalcommunitydiversityindexvariedlessetweendrentstands.Moreover,tebacterialcoity diversitydeesbedsisdodeefeealgrao2d bacterialcommunitydiversityindexofNFwasnotsignificantlydiferentfroE4;3)Withtheextensionoftheeucalyptusplantigyears ofeucalyptuseelativebundaneosomcotaaidobacteriareasedhileteelatiabdanceofasiiootaas theopposite.MoreovetheelativeabundancofAscomycotaandAcidobacteriaofNFweresignifcantlyighertantoseinucalypts plantation,buttheelatieabudanceofasiiomcotaofFwaslowertantatinucalyptsplatation;4)Redundancyalysis showedthatteaieaeootdidbestloilyoeedid CAT,whiletheteelativeabundanceofCloroeiassigfcantlyegatielyssociatedwithtesesoilfactors【Coclusi】il importantnutrientcontent,enzymeactivityand microbialcommunitiesincreased witheucalyptus planting years.Moreover,thesoil qualityofnaturalsecondaryforestsassigniicantlybeterthanthatofmedimandyoungeucalyptusplantation,uttedirence insoilqualitybetweennaturalsecondaryforestandeucalyptusplantationdecreasedwiththeextensionofeucalyptusplantingyears. Therefore,osidgssableogicalaaget,itiggstedttedtecaltusptigastpolaity Keywords: eucalyptus;soil quality;soil chemical characteristics;enzyme activity;microbial community
桉树Eucalyptusspp.是世界上生长最快的树种之一,并在中国林业建设和生态安全中发挥着关键作用,截至目前,中国桉树人工林种植面积超过540万 hm2[1] 。在全球范围内,由于对木材需求量的增加,桉树种植以短轮伐期为主,这产生了巨大的经济效益[2。然而,这种经营模式会导致土壤营养物质含量、酶活性以及微生物群落的降低[3],从而降低土壤质量。因此,明确桉树种植年限对土壤化学性质、酶活性和微生物群落的影响将对桉树人工林土壤肥力的恢复具有重要意义。
土壤质量与桉树人工林的生长具有直接联系,而桉树人工林的生长可能导致土壤质量变化[2]。ΔXu 等研究表明,短轮伐期营林会显著降低森林土壤养分含量和酶活性,这是因为密集的林业经营管理活动不仅消耗大量土壤养分,而且破坏了植被结构和林分小气候。此外,土壤细菌和真菌群落对土壤养分循环和土壤质量改善具有关键作用,并对土壤养分变化具有高度敏感性。因此,土壤养分含量变化必然会扰动土壤微生物。Zhu等[5]研究表明,桉树多代连续短轮伐期种植显著降低了细菌多样性,导致绿弯杆菌和拟杆菌的相对丰度显著下降。此外,Xu等[2在不同改造模式对桉树人工林微生物群落的影响的研究中表明,短轮伐期种植第三代桉树人工林显著降低营养细菌和共生真菌的相对丰度。尽管如此,现有的研究主要集中于短轮伐期对森林土壤化学性质、酶活性和微生物群落影响的研究[6-8],而长周期种植桉树能否改善土壤肥力的研究相对较少。……
