DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1000-9973.2025.07.009

中图分类号：TS201.3 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1000-9973（2025）07-0061-09

Study on Structure and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from Monascus Mycelium

WEN Zi-yan1，LI Shou-hui1，WANG Xu-feng1，DING Cheng-fang1， ZHENG Ying1 ， HU Wen-lin²，GUO Qing-bin1，3*，WANG Chang-lu1，3 * （1. College of Food Science and Engineering，Tianjin University of Science and Technology， Tianjin 3OO457， China； 2.Guangdong Tianyi Biotechnology Co.，Ltd.，Zhanjiang 524300， China；3. State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety Co-constructed by Province and Ministry of Education，Tianjin University of Science and Technology，Tianjin 300457，China）

Abstract： During the industrial production of Monascus pigments using liquid-state fermentation，a large amount of byproducts such as Monascus mycelium will be produced.In order to improve the utilization value of mycelium residue，in this study，using Monascus mycelium as the raw material，the diferences in structure and antioxidant activity between polysaccarides extracted by alkali solution method （NMPS） and polysaccharides extracted by ultrasonic-assisted compound enzyme method （EMPS） are investigated.The results show that three components are extracted from EMPS by graded alcohol precipitation， which are

EMPS-1，EMPS-2 and EMPS-3 respectively，while four components are extracted from NMPS by alcohol precipitation，which are NMPS-1，NMPS-2，NMPS-3 and NMPS-4 respectively. Among them，EMPS-1， EMPS-2，EMPS-3，NMPS-3 and NMPS-4 are all composed of monosaccharides such as xylose，arabinose， glucose，mannose and galactose. NMPS-1 and NMPS-2 are composed of three monosaccharides such as mannose，galactose and glucose. According to the analysis of functional groups，monosaccharide composition and glycosidic bond types，it is found that EMPS-1 and NMPS-3 have similar structures， with main chains composed of mannose and galactose. The glycosidic bonds of EMPS-1 are mainly 2，6-α -D-Manp， 2- β -D-Man p and 3，5-β- -D Galf ，while NMPS-1 is mainly connected by glycosidic bonds such as 5- ⋅β -D-Galf， T- α -D Manϕ ，2，6 ⋅β⋅ -D-Gal f and 3，5- β -D-Galf. The results of antioxidant activity indicate that EMPS has good scavenging capacity on hydroxyl radicals， ABTS cation radicals and reducing power，with the scavenging rates of 85.35% ， 74.43% and 61.88% respectively. DPPH radical scavenging ability （50.46% ）of NMPS is significantly better than that of EMPS （40.62%） . Comprehensive analysis shows that the molar ratio of monosaccharide composition and glycosidic bond connection ways in polysaccharides are affected by extraction methods.Due to the changes in polysaccharide structure，there are significant differences in the antioxidant activity of polysaccharides.This study can provide references for the application of Monascus mycelium polysaccharides in food，medicine and cosmetics.

Key words：Monascus ;mycelium polysaccharide； structural characterization；antioxidation

红曲霉（Monascusssp.）广泛分布于自然界中，是重要的食用和药用真菌[]。红曲霉液态发酵可产生红曲色素、红曲多糖、莫纳可林K等多种具有生物活性的代谢产物，可用于食品、医药和化妆品等领域[2]。研究表明，红曲霉次级代谢产物具有抗炎、抗肿瘤、提高免疫力、抗氧化等生物活性 [3-4]。

红曲色素是现阶段应用范围极为广泛的次级代谢产物，其液态发酵方式不仅简化了操作过程，而且显著缩短了生产周期。但生产红曲色素会产生大量发酵液和红曲霉菌丝体，造成资源浪费和环境污染。研究表明，液态发酵产生的红曲霉菌丝体副产物中含有多种微量元素和营养物质，其中蛋白质含量为 36% ，多糖含量为 5%～7% ，膳食纤维含量约为 35%^[5] ，该结果为红曲霉菌丝体的利用提供了参考依据。

红曲多糖作为一种重要的次级代谢产物，结构比较复杂，长久以来未得到应有的关注。田军等[在红曲发酵液中检测到了大量的红曲多糖，但红曲霉菌丝体多糖含量较少，且提取工艺复杂，对其结构和功能活性的研究较少。Wang等研究表明，红曲霉菌丝体多糖为一种结构复杂的半乳甘露聚糖，表现出显著的免疫调节活性。此外，红曲多糖还具有抗氧化和抗肿瘤等多种功能活性[8-9]。随着对红曲多糖认识的加深，其在药品、食品等领域的应用价值有望逐渐得到挖掘和利用。

本研究以红曲霉菌丝体为原料，分别采用碱法和超声波辅助复合酶法提取红曲霉菌丝体多糖（MPS），对提取的粗多糖进行分离纯化，研究不同提取方式得到的多糖的分子结构抗氧化活性以及多糖结构对抗氧化活性的影响。……