摘" 要：红曲霉（Monascus sp.）通常被应用于食品以及医疗行业，为探究源于热带雨林的红曲霉菌株及其次生代谢产物对植物病原菌的生防潜力，本研究通过对热带雨林腐殖质样品中的真菌进行分离鉴定，共获得5个红曲霉菌株，在马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基上菌落呈红色，具有典型的红曲霉形态特征，结合ITS、LSU、pksKS基因序列测序与分析，分离菌株被鉴定为血红红曲霉（Monascus sanguineus）。拮抗试验结果表明，5个红曲霉菌株对香蕉枯萎病菌（Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense）、豇豆枯萎病菌（F. oxysporum f. sp. tracheiphilium）、辣椒疫霉菌（Phytophthora capsici）、木瓜炭疽菌（Colletotrichum gloeosporioides）4种常见植物病原菌具有较好的抑制作用。利用不同培养基对红曲霉进行发酵，提取次生代谢产物后进行拮抗试验以及高效液相色谱（HPLC）、核磁共振分析，发现热带雨林红曲霉菌株在固体培养基，尤其是麦麸培养基上可产生种类丰富且抑菌活性较强的次生代谢产物。进一步通过盆栽试验证明，红曲霉可有效降低豇豆枯萎病病情指数，孢子浓度为10⁶ CFU/mL时具有最好的生防效果。综上所述，热带雨林中分离得到的红曲霉对植物病害具有较好的生防作用，在大米培养基中发酵得到的次生代谢产物有较强的抑菌活性，并能有效防控豇豆枯萎病。热带雨林生防红曲霉在植物病害生防应用上具有较大的开发潜力，可为植物病害生物防治提供更丰富的菌株选择。

关键词：红曲霉；次生代谢产物；植物病原菌；生物防治中图分类号：S476.1 """""文献标志码：A

Isolation， Identification and Active Substances Analysis of Five Biocontrol Strains of Monascus sp. from Tropical Rainforest

WANG Lingxuan¹， DU Yi¹， SUN Yihan¹， YANG Yang^2*， YANG Laying^2*

1. School of Life and Health Sciences， Hainan University， Haikou， Hainan 570228， China; 2. Institute of Environment and Plant Protection， Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences， Haikou， Hainan 571101， China

Abstract： Monascus is usually used in food and medical industries. To explore the biocontrol potential of Monascus and its secondary metabolites against plant biocontrol pathogens， in this study， through the isolation and identification of the fungi from humus samples in the rain forest ， a total of five strains growing well on the potato dextrose agar medium were screened， the colonies were red， with typical Monascus morphological characteristics. The strains were identified as Monascus sanguineus based on the sequencing and analysis of ITS， LSU and pksKS gene sequences， The results of antagonistic experiments showed that the five strains of Monascus had better and more obvious inhibitory effects on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense， F. oxysporum f. sp. tracheiphilium， Phytophthora capsici， Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. After fermentation of Monascus with different media， high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis were carried out. It was found that Monascus could produce abundant secondary metabolites with strong antibacterial activity on solid medium， especially on wheat bran medium. The further pot experiment proved that Monascus could effectively reduce the wilt index of cowpea， and the best biocontrol effect was obtained when the spore concentration was 10⁶ CFU/mL. In summary， Monascus isolated from tropical rain forest showed good results of better biocontrol of plant diseases， and the secondary metabolites obtained by fermentation in rice medium had strong antibacterial activity， and could effectively control cowpea blight. Monascus strains isolated from tropical rain forest have great potential in plant disease biocontrol application， which can provide more abundant strains selection for plant disease biocontrol.

Keywords： Monascus sp.; secondary metabolite; phytopathogen; biological control

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.07.022

红曲霉（Monascus sp.）是一种腐生丝状真菌，为真菌门子囊菌纲真子囊菌亚纲红曲霉属^[1]，存在于树木、土壤和堆积物等中。……