Abstract Objective： To provide theoretical basis for our country to perfect the training and preparation strategies of biathlon.Methods：Literature research method，comparative analysis method，mathematical statistics method.Results：1） The sample athletes from Norway，France，and Germany achieved beter results in the long-distance races of the IBU Cup Series than those from other countries;2） The Chinese sampleathletes' Cross-Country Skiing speed maintenance and sprinting ability were lower than those offoreign sample athletes， and the shooting hit rate was low，the shooting area stayed for a long time，and the shooting rhythm was unstable；3）The Chinese and foreign sample athletes had similarities in body shape，but there were certain diferences in bodyfatrateand defatted body weight; 4） There were obvious diferences inbody shape，physiological function and sports quality between Chinese and foreign sample athletes;5）The focus of psychological monitoring of biathlonathletes in Chinaand foreigncountries is diferent，butthereare diferences inevaluation methods; 6） Chinese sample athletes place more emphasis on shooting training inthe basic consolidation stage，and the training plans of foreign sample athletes place more emphasis on training with competition.Conclusion： 1）

WecanlearnfromthebeneficialexperienceofNorway，FranceandGermanyintheselectionofreservetalents for biathlon，training methods and means，and international cooperation. 2）The biathlon athletes in our country should make up for the shortboard of skiing ability，improve aerobic endurance，strengthen the special project technology of conversion area，and improve shooting accuracy.3） Our country's biathlon athletes should deal with the physical morphological characteristics ofworld-class biathlon athletes in foreign countries，starting from sports nutrition，strengthening muscle function training，grasping the special project characteristicsof biathlon， adjustingphysical training，and strengthening shooting psychological training intervention.Inaddition，our country should improvethe physical fitness monitoring system of biathlon athletes and the psychological monitoring means of biathlon athletes.

Keywordsbiathlon; long-distance races; performance analysis; wining factors; preparation strategies

冬季两项男子 20km 个人赛从1960 年斯阔谷冬奥会正式拉开序幕，自此便在欧洲得以快速发展，并逐渐形成了完善的运动员选材、后备人才培养、训练、竞赛体系。在冬季两项进入冬奥会后的发展历程中，长距离比赛始终占据重要位置，是在冬季两项所有比赛中滑雪距离最长、射击次数最多的项目，运动成绩由越野滑雪和射击运动的成绩综合决定。因此，冬季两项运动员既要提高越野滑雪的有氧能力和良好的滑雪技术，又要使射击动作和技术具有稳定性和连续性，这是2种身体动作能力和能量代谢类型[1，所以该运动项目的运动员训练备战难度较大。其中：越野滑雪需要提高有氧能力，加强耐力训练；射击则需要提高专注力、心理素质和精细动作控制。而我国运动员的长距离比赛成绩与世界高水平运动员还有较大差距[2]。

国内针对冬季两项的研究主要聚焦于竞技能力特征、影响因素、训练特征等方面[3-6，对滑行速度、节奏控制策略的分析逐渐增多[7-8]，但对不同竞技水平运动员滑行和射击成绩的对比分析较少，对冬季两项的发展和竞技水平的提高90还没有充分产生作用。近年来，国外学者对冬季两项的研究侧重于运动员身体素质[11]、专项技术特征[12]、训练周期[12]、高原训练[13-14]、生理心理机能监控[15-16]等方面，关于运动成绩的研究主要基于机器学习、可视化等手段分析和预测运动员滑行和射击表现，目前国内尚缺乏对冬季两项长距离比赛运动员滑行和射击成绩以及致胜因素的相对综合的比较分析。……