我国民办高校体育学类本科专业设置的演变历程、时代特征与未来趋向
2025-07-13沈潇湘韩会军
Abstract Thestudy employsthe literaturereseachmethod,mathematical statistics method,andlogicalanalysis method,to review the evolutionary processof undergraduate program setup in sports disciplines in China's private colleges,and to analyze its epochal characteristicsand future trends.The findings indicate that since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the development of undergraduate programs in sport disciplines in China's private coleges can be divided into four phases: the embryonic period,the slow development period, theinitial standardizationperiod,andthedeepeningand improvementperiod.Thesephasesarecharacterized by a continuous increase in the number of program oferings,a convergence in program structures,and an unbalanced distribution of disciplinary structures across diferent types of coleges.In the contextof socialism with Chinese characteristics entering a new era,thesetting of undergraduate sports disciplines in China's private collges will exhibit the following trends:1)the numberof emergingundergraduate majors will increase,and cross-discipinary undergraduate programs will emerge; 2) undergraduate sports majors will be established by integrating regionaladvantages and meet the industrial demands;3)the characteristics of internationalized education will be highlighted.
Keywords China's privatecolleges; undergraduate programs insports disciplines; major setting internationalized education
专业设置是高校人才培养工作的起点,是高校主动适应社会需求变化、服务区域经济发展的关键环节。正因如此,调整专业始终是高等教育改革的核心、主线与常态。《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革推进中国式现代化的决定》中提出,“分类推进高校改革,建立科技发展、国家战略需求牵引的学科设置调整机制和人才培养模式,超常布局急需学科专业”1]。习近平总书记在2024年全国教育大会上强调,“以科技发展、国家战略需求为牵引,着眼提高创新能力,优化高等教育布局,完善高校学科设置调整机制和人才培养模式,加强基础学科、新兴学科、交叉学科建设和拔尖人才培养”[2],上述精神为高校设置专业及调整专业指明了方向,提供了根本遵循。
体育学类本科专业是我国不少高校学科专业布局的重点之一,具有为国家培养高素质体育专业人才的功能。新中国成立初期,我国高等体育院校不设专业,只设院、系、科[3]。随着全国各地业余体校蓬勃兴起,一些高等体育院校开设了“体育”“体育与运动\"2个专业,以批量培养教练员[3]。国务院于1963年批准发布了《高等学校通用专业目录》,此后,我国体育学类本科专业设置逐渐规范化和专业化[3]。经过半个多世纪的建设,我国体育学类本科专业取得了长足的发展。而民办高校作为我国高等教育的重要组成部分,其体育学类本科专业建设起步较晚。近年来,民办高校主动适应社会需求的变化,根据自身办学定位和地方经济社会发展需求开设了体育学类本科专业,涌现出一批专业特色鲜明的民办高校。……
