体卫融合促进青少年健康的关键要素与实践路径
2025-07-13燕凌孙璞
中图分类号:G807 学科代码:040303 文献标志码:ADOI:10.14036/j.cnki.cn11-4513.2025.03.005
Abstract Adolescent health promotion is an important national strategy,which concerns thequalityof future humancapital and the sustainable development of society.At present, Chinese adolescents facemultiple health risks and challenges,reflecting deficiencies in the current health governance model in terms of governance mechanisms,resource allocation,and behavioral guidance.Taking Social Action Theoryastheanalytical framework,this study focuseson thefunctionallogicand practical mechanismsofPE-health integration inadolescent health promotion,and clarifies itskey elementsandtheir interrelationships.In viewofthe practical problems stillfacing PE-health integration,suchasunderdeveloped interdepartmental coordination mechanisms,an unclear health goal system, mismatches between the supply and demand of resources and services,and weak supportfrom health culture.It is necessary to promotethe transformation of PE-health integration from concept to practice,it requires improving the collaborative action system among multiple actors to enhance system integrationefficiency; establishing aprogressive health goal system to ensure the continuityand tiered developmentof goal guidance; increasing the eficiency of resource alocation and the qualityof service provision to enhance supply-demand alignment;andaccelerating the practical transformation of health knowledgeand culture to improve adolescents'health cognitionand behavioral capacity.
Keywords PE-health integration; adolescent health; Social Action Theory; Healthy China Strateg.
青少年健康促进是重要的国家战略,关乎国家的未来与社会的可持续发展。2019年,《国务院关于实施健康中国行动的意见》中将实施中小学健康促进行动作为主要任务之一[1]。2021年,《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和2035年远景目标纲要》则将青少年作为国民体质监测和十预的重点,并强调推动健康关口前移,深化体卫融合[2]。然而,我国青少年健康状况仍不容乐观,亟须有效地综合治理。脊柱姿态不良、超重肥胖、近视等慢性健康风险不断增大[3],心理健康问题呈现高发与低龄化趋势。据统计,1995年至2019年,我国7\~18岁青少年超重肥胖率从 5% 上升至 24.2% ,视力不良率从 41.2% 攀升至60.7%[4] ,其中 31.6% 的青少年存在严重心理困扰[5],14.8% 存在抑郁风险,且西部地区和农村青少年在抑郁、孤独、手机成瘾等问题上更严重[。久坐行为与身体活动不足进一步加剧了我国青少年生理、心理与行为的多重健康风险[7-8]
有研究表明,体育锻炼可改善身体机能[9-10]、提高身体素质],还可通过增强心理韧性和个体生命价值感、改善社会关系促进青少年全面发展[12-13]。目前,全球范围内日益重视体育活动在健康促进中的核心作用。我国在2016年发布的《关于强化学校体育促进学生身心健康全面发展的意见》中明确提出,通过进一步推动学校体育改革发展促进青少年身心健康和体魄强健[14];在2023年印发的《全面加强和改进新时代学生心理健康工作专项行动计划(2023—2025年)》将“以体强心\"列为主要任务之一[15]。……
