王方旭 韩宝睿 刘钦

摘 要：当前对于常规公交系统建设中所采用的线性增长指标是否能较好地贴合一个城市内公交系统的发展水平，在建设评价的过程中没有得到明确体现。同时中小城市公交系统相较于大城市有其自身的发展特点，为确保公交系统建设与城市发展相匹配，文章引入生态学的相关原理，将公交系统视作一个“活”的生态体系，结合其生态学特征，运用生态位理论，从自然质量、社会经济和综合效益三个维度，构建中小城市公交系统建设适宜度评价指标体系，并提出基于生态位适宜度理论的公交系统建设适宜度评价方法。对我国56个中小城市的公交系统建设适宜度进行计算和分类，分析不同城市公交系统建设的差异性，结果表明：公交线路、线网长度和固定资产投资等指标表现出较高的重要性；自身的建设标准仍是决定性因素，但需要与城市发展相匹配，不能忽视城市经济水平、人口需求等在公交系统建设发展中所起到的作用。

关键词：常规公交系统；中小城市；生态位；适宜度；评价指标体系

中图分类号：F282；U491.1文献标志码：ADOI：10.13714/j.cnki.1002-3100.2024.10.023

Abstract： The current use of linear growth indicators in the construction of conventional public transit systems does not adequately align with the developmental stage of an urban transit system. This lack of alignment is not explicitly reflected in the construction assessment process. Furthermore， small and medium-sized city transit systems possess distinct development characteristics compared to large cities. In order to ensure that transit system construction matches the city's development， this paper introduces principles from ecology. It views the transit system as a "living" ecological entity， incorporating ecological characteristics and applying ecological niche theory. From the perspectives of natural quality， socioeconomic factors， and overall benefits， a suitability assessment indicator system for small and medium-sized city transit system construction is developed. Additionally， a suitability assessment method based on the ecological niche theory of suitability is proposed. The suitability of transit system construction in 56 small and medium-sized cities in China is computed and categorized to analyze the differences of urban transit system construction in these cities. The results indicate that indicators such as transit routes， network length， and fixed asset investment display significant importance. The intrinsic construction standards remain a decisive factor， but they need to be aligned with the city's development. Factors such as urban economic status and population demands should not be disregarded for their roles in transit system development.

Key words： conventional public transit system；small and medium-sized cities；ecological niche；suitability；assessment  indicator system

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近年来，随着国家生态文明建设的不断推进，低碳绿色出行的观念也越来越深入人心。相较于私家车出行，选择公共交通出行成为了更多居民的第一选择，这不仅符合国家对绿色低碳理念的倡导，同时也缓解了城市交通拥堵问题的产生。相较于大城市来说，中小城市的公共交通系统出行方式单一，主要以常规公交为主。……