张国荣 周琪云

摘 要：由于假药事件层出不穷，药品的安全问题成为了公众关注的重点。在传统供应链模式下，供应链各主体相对独立，没有进行信息交互，数据存储在中心数据库中，这导致了药品数据不透明、中心数据被篡改等问题。文章针对传统的供应链系统存在的问题，提出了基于区块链的药品供应链系统，采用Hyperledger Fabric作为联盟链开发平台。供应链各主体作为联盟链中的节点加入区块链网络，进行药品数据的上链以及区块的共识操作；在药品运输过程中采用物联网技术，利用RFID标签对运输的数据进行双重验证，确保了数据的安全性和真实性；在数据存储方面，引入IPFS文件系统，将上链数据存入IPFS，对返回的哈希值进行上链，实现数据的“链下存储，链上索引”。

关键词：区块链；联盟链；物联网；供应链；药品溯源系统

中图分类号：F274；F49文献标志码：ADOI：10.13714/j.cnki.1002-3100.2024.10.027

Abstract： Due to the endless incidents of counterfeit drugs， the safety of drugs has become an important issue of public concern. In the traditional supply chain model， each main body of the supply chain is relatively independent， there is no information interaction， and the data is stored in a central database， which leads to problems such as drug data being opaque and central data being tampered with. In view of the existing problems of the traditional supply chain system， this article proposes a blockchain-based pharmaceutical supply chain system， using Hyperledger Fabric as the alliance chain development platform. Each main body of the supply chain joins the blockchain network as a node in the alliance chain to upload drug data and perform consensus operations on the block; during the drug transportation process， Internet of Things technology is used， and RFID tags are used to double verify the transported data to ensure the security and authenticity of the data; in terms of data storage， the IPFS file system is introduced， the on-chain data is stored in IPFS， and the returned hash value is uploaded to the chain to achieve "off-chain storage and on-chain indexing" of data.

Key words： blockchain；alliance chain；Internet of Thing；supply chain；drug traceability system

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随着人们生活质量不断提高，人们对健康方面的意识也在不断提高，因此，与健康息息相关的药品的市场规模不断扩大，导致了供应链的快速增长，涵盖药品的生产、流通、销售等方面。药品供应链追踪对保证药品质量有着至关重要的作用[1]，然而传统药品供应链模式也暴露了信息流通不畅、缺乏可追溯性以及数据造假等问题，因此，国家和企业也在考虑采用先进的技术来改善药品供应链的管理，以提高药品的质量和安全性。例如，引入区块链、物联网以及大数据分析等技术，这些技术经过广泛的应用，提高了药品的可追溯性和透明性，有助于减少药品假冒、欺诈和流通等问题。……