赵佳欣 宋良荣

摘 要：数字经济的发展催生了新的商业模式和增长动力，重塑了传统产业格局。企业的创新水平逐渐成为生存和发展的重要因素。物流业作为流通企业的分支，有效运用创新技术能够改善企业管理效率形成现代化组织。通过运用五力模型详细分析快递行业现状，发现行业竞争激烈，利用先进科技创新技术助力其降本增效，已成为物流企业努力打造的新竞争优势。接着对快递行业相关文献进行梳理，发现关于快递行业的创新效率研究相对较少。引入数字技术应用水平作为投入变量，采用DEA方法探究快递企业创新效率现状，发现行业整体创新效率较低。最后提出快递行业提升创新绩效的措施，为物流企业创新技术和业务模式、建设成为现代物流提供参考。

关键词：数字技术；创新效率；快递企业；五力模型；DEA

中图分类号：F253；F49文献标志码：ADOI：10.13714/j.cnki.1002-3100.2024.10.012

Abstract： The development of the digital economy has given rise to new business models and growth drivers， reshaping the traditional industrial landscape. The innovation level of enterprises has gradually become an important factor for survival and development. Logistics being a branch of the distribution enterprise， the effective use of innovative technology can improve enterprise management efficiency to form a modern organisation. This paper uses Five Forces Model to analyse the current situation of the express delivery industry in detail， and finds that the industry is highly competitive， that using advanced scientific  and technological innovations to help it reduce costs and increase efficiency has become a new competitive advantage that the logistics enterprise strives to create. Then the paper sorts out the relevant literature on the express delivery industry and finds that there are relatively few studies on the innovation efficiency of the express delivery industry. Introducing the level of digital technology application as an input variable， the DEA method is used to explore the current situation of innovation efficiency of express delivery enterprises， and it is found that the overall innovation efficiency of the industry is low. Finally， the measures to improve the innovation performance of express industry are proposed to provide references for logistics enterprises to innovate technology and business model and to become modern logistics.

Key words： digital technology; innovation efficiency; express enterprises; Five Forces  Model; DEA

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当前处于数字经济时代，电子商务、人工智能、大数据等先进技术的应用不断推动物流业的数字化转型。2022年5月国务院发布《“十四五”现代物流发展规划》，是现代物流领域首份国家级的五年规划，表明推动物流行业现代化建设具备国家战略意义。流通领域技术创新是流通现代化转型和高质量发展的关键[1]，物流业作为流通企业的一个分支，有效运用创新技术能够改善企业管理效率形成现代化组织。随着我国电子商务的高速发展，快递服务也迎来了高速的发展时期，然而对于大部分物流企业而言，如何充分将创新投入有效转化为创新产出，仍是亟待解决的问题。……