李国昊 李立国

摘 要：当前私自拆解电子垃圾的事件并不鲜见，单一的政府治理模式难以实现有效治理废弃电器电子废弃物的目标，鉴于社会共治在诸多公共问题治理的成功实践，引入社会共治理念，对政府和公众共同参与废弃电器电子废弃物治理的治理模式进行研究。基于博弈论，构建政府、回收经营者、公众三方演化博弈模型，通过求解平衡点并分析平衡点的稳定状态，得出达到稳定点的稳定策略，并进行数值仿真分析参数变化对稳定策略的影响，据此给出强化企业声誉意识、完善奖惩机制、搭建便捷渠道降低公众成本等相关治理建议。

关键词：社会共治；废弃电器电子产品；三方演化博弈；回收治理

中图分类号：F203 文献标志码：A DOI：10.13714/j.cnki.1002-3100.2024.10.011

Abstract： Currently， incidents of dismantling electronic waste without authorization are not uncommon， and a single government governance model is difficult to achieve the goal of effectively treating waste electrical and electronic waste. Given the successful practice of social co-governance in many public problem governance， the concept of social co-governance is introduced to study the governance model of government and public participation in the governance of waste electrical and electronic waste. Based on game theory， a tripartite evolutionary game model is constructed for the government， recycling operators， and the public. By solving the equilibrium point and analyzing the stable state of the equilibrium point， a stable strategy to reach the equilibrium point is obtained. Numerical simulation analysis is conducted to analyze the impact of parameter changes on the stable strategy. Based on this， relevant governance suggestions are given to strengthen corporate reputation awareness， improve reward and punishment mechanisms， and build convenient channels to reduce public costs.

Key words： social co-governance; waste electrical and electronic products; tripartite evolutionary game; recycling and governance

0    引    言

随着科技的进步，电子产品的迭代呈现出几何级数速度，废弃电器电子产品的数量也因此快速增长。据统计，2021年我国电器电子产品理论报废量为80 606万台，当年我国废弃电器电子产品的处理量约8 700万台，回收利用率仅为10.8%左右[1]。废弃电器电子产品中既包含大量有价值的金、银等贵金属资源，也包含大量的铅、汞等有毒有害物质，一旦处理不当容易造成环境问题危害人体健康。

坚持人与自然和谐共生，必须树立和践行“绿水青山就是金山银山”的理念，因此，我们必须转变发展方式，提高资源利用效率。

鉴于废弃电器电子产品的经济价值和环境危害性，我国先后制定了《废弃电器电子产品回收处理管理条例》《废弃电器电子产品处理目录》等一系列法规。……