马云峰 赵佳伟 胡依娜 熊依蓓 卢阳

摘 要：为解决仓储系统运行过程中能源消耗过大的问题，针对双层自动化立体仓库进行了能耗分析，建立了双层仓储系统存储、检索任务时间模型以及考虑物品自重的穿梭车（提升机、电梯）运动能耗模型，并利用仿真实验研究了仓库中自动小车及提升机的速度、加速度，货架布局对于仓库运行能耗、吞吐量的关系和影响。实验结果显示增加穿梭车速度、加速度都会提升系统吞吐量，速度对吞吐量的提升更大；增加电梯加速度、速度会适当降低能耗。达到吞吐量500条件下，新的系统布局可以降低20%左右的能耗并提升2.7%的吞吐量，帮助物流企业建立更加合理的仓库布局设计，从而减少存储和检索过程中的能源消耗。

关键词：双层自动化立体仓储系统；时间模型；能耗模型；仓储系统布局

中图分类号：F253.9文献标志码：ADOI：10.13714/j.cnki.1002-3100.2024.10.001

Abstract： In order to solve the problem of excessive energy consumption during the operation of the storage system， an energy consumption analysis was conducted for a double-layer automated three-dimensional warehouse. A time model for storage and retrieval tasks in the double-layer storage system was established， as well as a motion energy consumption model for shuttle cars （hoists， elevators） considering the weight of the items. Simulation experiments were conducted to study the relationship and influence of the speed and acceleration of automatic carts and hoists， and shelf layout on the energy consumption and throughput during warehouse operation in the warehouse. The experimental results show that increasing the speed and acceleration of the shuttle car will improve the system throughput， and speed has a greater impact on the throughput; increasing elevator acceleration and speed will appropriately reduce energy consumption. Under the condition of reaching a throughput of 500， the new system layout can reduce energy consumption by about 20% and increase throughput by 2.7%， helping logistics enterprises establish more reasonable warehouse layout design， thereby reducing energy consumption during storage and retrieval processes.

Key words： double-layer automated stereoscopic storage system; time model; energy consumption model; warehouse system layout

0    引  言

随着电商与现代物流业[1]的高速发展，企业对仓储系统的性能和能耗也提出了更高的要求[2]。传统的堆垛式仓库已无法满足高吞吐量、低能耗的要求。工业4.0[3]、智能化的高速发展趋势，促使各类自动化小车、提升机被运用到仓储系统中，不同种类的自动化仓储系统应运而生。

针对仓储系统的吞吐量性能，国内外学者进行了广泛的研究，且结合实际应用提出了不同的优化方式。Tappia等[4]构建了半开放排队网络模型估计系统性能，给出最佳深度/宽度比，以最大限度地减少单层系统中的预期吞吐时间。……