彭倚天 丁彩红

摘  要：流体力学是机械专业本科生必修专业基础课，课程抽象概念较多、公式推导复杂，存在学生学习兴趣不浓厚、对内容理解不深、课程的工程化程度弱等问题。该文针对以纺织机械为特色的机械学科流体力学课程教学内容和现状，结合作者基于流体力学的大容量薄膜蒸发器流场模拟和装备设计，引入相应的科研成果实施，从教学内容、教学方法、教学手段等方面开展教学改革和实践，包括基于CFD的流体力学理论模拟、流动现象观测、纺织机械设计原理与方法，通过理论与纺织机械特色实际相结合，设计一个刮膜式薄膜蒸发器模拟案例，让学生认识实验或科研的一个具体过程，可有效地提升课程的教学质量，培养学生的学习能力、创新能力及解决具体工程实际问题的能力。

关键词：流体力学;纺织机械;薄膜蒸发器;机械设计;典型案例

中图分类号：G642      文献标志码：A          文章编号：2096-000X（2024）17-0142-05

Abstract： Fluid Mechanics is a compulsory basic course for undergraduates majoring in mechanical engineering in textile specialized college of mechanical engineering. There are many basic concepts and complicated formula derivation in the course， which leads to some problems such as students' lack of interest in learning， poor understanding of the content and weak engineering degree. According to the teaching content and present situation of the course Fluid Mechanics， a mechanical discipline featuring textile machinery， combined with the author's research area and development experience and accumulation of large-capacity wiped thin-film evaporators for textile equipment based on fluid mechanics. This paper introduces corresponding scientific research achievements to implement reform and practical measures from the aspects of content， methods and means of teaching， mainly including CFD-based theoretical simulation of fluid mechanics， observation of flow phenomena， principles and methods of textile machinery design. A simulation device of rotary machine thin film evaporator is designed to let students know a specific process of experiment or scientific research based on the combination of theory and the characteristics of textile machinery. The reform and practice of the course Fluid Mechanics would cultivate students' ability to solve specific engineering practical problems for textile machining.

Keywords： Fluid Mechanics; textile machining; thin-film evaporator; machinery design; typical example

流体力学是研究流体运动规律及其应用的一门学科，成为多学科交叉和科技创新的桥梁和纽带，具有较强的理论性和工程实际意义，既可以培养学生的逻辑思维能力和分析推理能力，又可以提高学生分析和解决实际工程问题的能力[1]。随着世界各国科学家和研究机构对工程领域和现实生活中流体力学现象所蕴含的流体力学本质的持续不断深入研究，使流体力学得到了不断发展和完善，维度已经涵盖海、陆、空及外太空，尺度已从常规尺度的流体流动转向受限空间内的流动，并已从常规的牛顿流体转向非牛顿流体，被广泛应用于航空航天、水利、采矿、交通土建、石油化工、机械冶金、环境、气象和生物等领域并成功应用于工程实践[2]。……