一流本科教育视野下通专融合:类型、层次与对策
2024-06-21李会春
摘 要:通识教育和专业教育体系的交互渗透为通专融合提供实践可能,但通识教育“知识宽度““公民意识““文化性“三种不同的价值取向为通专融合提供不同的可能。通专融合可在教育目标、课程、教学材料选择、教学方法和评价等不同层次上实现。通专融合的改进对策在于,破除认知障碍并认识通专融合的多样性,适度打破通识课和专业课的边界,进一步推进教学转型,尊重高校特征开展本土性改革。
关键词:一流本科教育;通专融合;教育目标;通识课;专业课
中图分类号:G642 文献标志码:A 文章编号:2096-000X(2024)17-0022-04
Abstract: The interactive infiltration of general education and specialized education system provides the practical possibility for integrating general education and specialized education, but the three different value orientations of general education "knowledge breadth", "civic awareness" and "culture idea" provide different possibilities. The integration of general education and specialized education can be realized at different levels, such as educational goal, curriculum, selection of teaching materials, teaching methods, and evaluation. The improvement countermeasures are: getting rid of the cognitive barrier and realizing the diversity of the integration of general education and specialized education, appropriately breaking the boundary between general courses and professional courses, further promoting teaching transformation, and carrying out localized reform on the basis of respecting the characteristics of colleges and universities.
Keywords: first-class undergraduate education; integration of general education and specialized education; educational objectives; general education; specialized course
2016年,国家“十三五”规划正式提出在高等教育中实行“通识教育和专业教育相结合的培养制度”。2018年,时任教育部部长陈宝生在在新时代全国高等学校本科教育工作会议提出“坚持以本为本,推进四个回归,建设中国特色、世界水平的一流本科教育”。之后几年中,建设一流本科,培养高素质人才,成为高等教育的重要战略议题。不断改革通识教育和专业教育,促进通识教育和专业教育的融合(以下简称“通专融合”),则是建设一流本科教育,提升教育质量,培养高素质人才的重要契机。
回顾新世纪以来通识教育和专业教育各自的发展历程,发现具有明显的“双向奔赴“的特征。一方面,通识教育不断加强质量建设工作,致力于摆脱社会对通识课程“水课““营养学分“等不良印象,通过凝练教育理念、完善课程审查环节、构建教学共同体、提升学业挑战度和强化考核等措施,不断拓展深度,使通识教育具备一定专业水准。……
