周振 陶欣然 应望江

[摘 要：新能源汽车产业研发具有正外部性和不确定性，其发展需要财税政策的激励和引导。文章以我国2013—2022年47家新能源汽车上市公司为研究对象，运用数据包络分析法和动态面板模型实证检验财税政策对企业研发效率的影响。结果表明：财税政策对企业研发效率具有正向激励作用；受企业所处产业链位置、地理位置和所有制性质等特征影响，其激励作用具有明显异质性，研发费用加计扣除对产业链上游企业和东部地区企业的激励效应更显著，所得税优惠对国有企业的激励效应更显著，财政补贴对中西部地区企业的激励效应更显著。因此，应优化政策供给，采用差异化策略，加大企业研发费用加计扣除优惠力度，丰富企业所得税税收优惠形式，增强财政补贴的针对性。

关键词：财政补贴；税收优惠；新能源汽车；研发效率

中图分类号：F812.0；F426.471；F273.1   文献标识码：A 文章编号：1007-5097（2024）06-0012-09 ]

Analysis of the Impact of Fiscal and Tax Policies on the Research and Development

Efficiency of the New Energy Vehicle Industry

ZHOU Zhen1，TAO Xinran2，YING Wangjiang1

（1. School of Public Economics and Administration，Shanghai University of Finance and Economics，Shanghai 200433，China；

2. School of Business，University of Nottingham，Nottingham 999020，UK）

Abstract：Research and development （R&D） in the new energy vehicle industry demonstrates positive externalities and uncertainty，highlighting the importance of fiscal and tax policies in providing incentives and direction for its advancement. This article focuses on 47 listed new energy vehicle companies in China spanning the period from 2013 to 2022，employing data envelopment analysis and dynamic panel models to empirically evaluate the impact of fiscal and tax policies on corporate R&D efficiency. Findings： Fiscal and tax policies positively have a positive incentive effect on corporate R&D efficiency. However，the incentive effect is significantly heterogeneous depending on factors such as the company's position in the industrial chain，geographical location，and ownership structure. Specifically，tax deductions for R&D expenses are particularly beneficial for upstream enterprises and those located in the eastern region，income tax preferences are more effective for state-owned enterprises，and fiscal subsidies have a greater impact on companies situated in the central and western regions. Therefore，it is advisable to optimize policy implementation，adopt differentiated strategies，enhance the intensity of additional tax deductions for corporate R&D expenses，diversify the forms of corporate income tax incentives，and strengthen the precision of fiscal subsidies.

Key words：financial subsidies；tax incentives；new energy vehicles；R&D efficiency

一、引言及文献综述

党的二十大报告明确指出，“高质量发展是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的首要任务”，“推动经济社会发展绿色化、低碳化是实现高质量发展的关键环节”。中国式现代化建设必须走绿色低碳的新型发展道路，才能实现减少碳排放、坚持可持续的高质量发展。拥有低能耗和低污染优势的新能源汽车产业，不仅是促进经济绿色化发展的现实选择，也是实现“双碳”目标的有效途径。从《中国制造2025》到《2030年前碳达峰行动方案》均表明，新能源汽车产业未来可期，其产业研发大有可为。……