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寡照复光试验中设施番茄叶片保护酶活性的变化

2023-12-21朱雨晴,薛晓萍

海洋气象学报 2023年4期
关键词:恢复

摘要:番茄是山东地区的主要设施作物之一,因此研究光照对设施番茄的影响程度,对山东地区的设施农业生产有重要意义。以无限生长型番茄“粉冠”为试材,在花果期于日光温室内设置3、6、9、12和15 d共5个遮阴日数处理,以日光温室内自然光为对照,研究在不同遮阴日数下,番茄叶片的保护酶活性和复光后叶片保护酶的恢复能力。结果表明:寡照会使番茄叶片的保护酶活性升高,比叶重减小;随着遮阴日数的增加,番茄叶片的保护酶和比叶重的恢复能力逐渐降低,遮阴时间过长(12 d以上)则会对叶片光合系统产生不可逆的损伤,使保护酶活性无法恢复。

关键词:寡照;恢复;番茄;保护酶;比叶重

中图分类号:S641.2;S42      文献标志码:A       文章编号:2096-3599(2023)03-0000-00

DOI: 10.19513/j.cnki.issn2096-3599.2023.04.000

Changes in protective enzyme activity of protected tomato leaf in sparse sunlight and relighting experiment

ZHU Yuqing1, XUE Xiaoping2

(1. Jining Meteorological Bureau, Jining 272113, China; 2. Shandong Climate Center, Jinan 250031, China)

Abstract: Tomato is one of the main facility crops in Shandong. It is important to study the effect of light on protected tomato for the production of protected agriculture in Shandong. The experiment takes the infinite-growth-type tomato ‘Power Corolla as experimental material to study the protective enzyme activity of tomato leaf under different shading days and the recovery capability of protective enzyme under relighting. Five shading treatments of tomatoes are set in solar greenhouse during the flowering and fruiting period: T1 (3-day shading), T2 (6-day shading), T3 (9-day shading), T4 (12-day shading), and T5 (15-day shading). Moreover, the growth of tomatoes under natural light in solar greenhouse is used as the control check. The results are as follows. Sparse sunlight would increase the protective enzyme activity of tomato leaf and reduce the specific leaf weight. As the number of shading days increases, the recovery capability of protective enzyme activity and specific leaf weight of tomato leaf would reduce. Long shading time (above 12 days) would cause irreversible damage to the photosynthetic system of leaf and make the protective enzyme activity unrecoverable.

Keywords: sparse sunlight; recovery; tomato; protective enzyme; specific leaf weight

引言

番茄,又称西红柿,是管状花目、茄科、番茄属的一种一年生或多年生草本植物,原产地南美洲[1]。山东是我国的蔬菜大省,设施蔬菜种植面积约1 400多万亩[2],同时,也是设施番茄的主要产区之一,因此,提高设施番茄的产量对山东设施蔬菜生产具有重要意义。近年来,北方地区设施农业发展的主要问题是秋冬季灾害天气频发[3-6],受连阴天和雾霾的共同影响,秋冬季节日照时数显著减少。大棚内,作物生长所需要的水分、土壤、肥力、二氧化碳浓度均有专业人员调控,但光照仍然依赖于自然环境,多数大棚结构及设备相对简陋,无法抵御连阴雨、低温、寒潮等气象灾害[4]。在无法完善大部分日光温室环境的前提下,掌握光照对设施作物影响程度以应对气象灾害便显得尤为重要[7]。……

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