张浩，饶玉昆，刘涛，赵伟，曹越男，郭乙莹

摘要：避台航线最优化问题是远洋气象导航中的关键问题之一，为解决该问题，文中提出了一种面向船舶避台航线规划的图搜索算法，通过船舶失速模型和台风影响下的船舶航行风险识别方法，引入船舶变速集，定义图搜索算法中每条边的权重，基于计划航线改进图搜索算法的搜索策略，提高算法的效率和避台航线的平滑性，以获得最小航时的避台航线。以2305号台风“杜苏芮”为例验证算法在避台航线设计中的有效性，实验结果表明，该算法能够有效地躲避台风“杜苏芮”的大风浪影响，并得到最优航时航线，对实现船舶智能避台、优化船舶航线设计具有重要意义。

关键词：避台航线；图搜索算法；气象导航；台风

中图分类号：U698.91      文献标志码：A      文章编号：2096-3599（2023）04-0001-00

DOI：10.19513/j.cnki.issn2096-3599.2023.04.004

Optimizing the routing of ships tyohoon avoidance—a case study of Typhoon Doksuri

Zhang Hao1， Rao Yukun2， Liu Tao1， Zhao Wei1， Cao Yuenan1， Guo Yiying1

（1. National Meteorological Center， Beijing 100081， China；2.The 28th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation，Nanjing 210046， China）

Abstract： The optimization of typhoon avoidance routes stands as a crucial challenge in weather routing. To address this problem， a graph search algorithm for ships tyohoon avoidance route planning is proposed. This approach uses ship speed loss model and ship sailing risk model under the influence of typhoons. It considers a range of ship speed variations， defines the weights for each edge in the graph search algorithm， and enhances the search strategy based on predefined routes. These improvements significantly increase the efficiency of the algorithms search and the smoothness of the typhoon avoidance routes， ultimately with the aim of minimizing the voyage duration. Using Typhoon Doksuri as an illustrative example， this paper validates the effectiveness of the algorithm in designing typhoon avoidance routes. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can effectively steer clear of Typhoon Doksuri and obtain the optimal typhoon avoidance routes that minimize the voyage duration. This research carries substantial significance in the realization of ships intelligent typhoon avoidance and the optimization of sailing route planning.

Keywords： tyohoon avoidance route; graph search algorithm; weather routing; typhoon

引言

臺风是发生在热带洋面上的一种强烈的暖性气旋性风暴，是威胁船舶安全航行的最严重的灾害性天气系统之一[1-2]。台风中的强风通常伴随着巨大的海浪，对船舶的稳定性、航行性能以及船员生命安全构成直接威胁。强风可以引发船舶的倾覆、翻沉或漂流，而巨浪可能导致船体受损或货物滑移。此外，强风和巨浪还会影响船舶的操纵，增加了碰撞、搁浅和港口操作事故的风险[3-6]。随着计算机和全球海洋气象预报能力的不断发展，船舶气象导航服务得到越来越多的关注。气象导航服务利用综合海洋气象预报、航运信息和船舶相关信息，能够为船舶设计一条经济、绿色和安全的气象航线[7-8]。……