靳程 杨永川 周礼华 龙宇潇 陈媛

摘要：金錢松是中国最具国际影响力的古老孑遗植物之一，其面临生境破碎化、种群分散以及个体数量减少的种种威胁。幸运的是，已有研究指出村落风水林为金钱松自然种群提供了庇护，然而，村落风水林到底如何发挥保护效用，尚待深入探索。因此，该研究通过野外调查和社区访谈的方法对所有金钱松自然种群的更新现状、保护行为和干扰程度进行全面调查，并以林家塘村金钱松自然种群为例揭示金钱松村落风水林保护和管理模式。结果表明：（1）相较于其他生境类型，村落风水林生境中金钱松自然种群径级结构连续，幼苗密度较高；（2）水口林、墓地林和阳基树承载的风水与禁忌文化是村落风水林能够有效保护金钱松自然种群的内在原因；（3）新时代乡村旅游业的发展进一步促进了村民对金钱松村落风水林的保护。综上所述，在乡村振兴背景下，基于风水和禁忌文化的村落风水林保护和管理模式是金钱松自然种群保护的绝佳模式。

关键词： 金钱松， 村落风水林， 保护行为， 管理模式， OECMs， 乡村振兴

中图分类号：Q948    文献标识码：A    文章编号：1000-3142（2023）08-1437-09

Village Fengshui forests contribute to the biodiversity conservation in mountainous villages： a case study of Pseudolarix amabilis

JIN Cheng， YANG Yongchuan*， ZHOU Lihua， LONG Yuxiao， CHEN Yuan

（ Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment， Ministry of Education， College of Environment and Ecology， Chongqing University， Chongqing 400045， China ）

Abstract：Pseudolarix amabilis is one of the most internationally influential ancient relict plants in China， and faces a multitude of threats， including habitat fragmentation， population isolation， and declining numbers. Fortunately， the Village Fengshui forests， sacred forests protected by Fengshui culture， has emerged as a potential refuge for the natural population of P. amabilis. Nonetheless， the underlying mechanisms by which the Village Fengshui forests safeguards the natural population of P. amabilis warrant in-depth exploration. To address this research gap， this study employed rigorous field investigations and community interviews to comprehensively assess the recruitment status， conservation behaviors， and extent of disturbances for the natural population of P. amabilis. Moreover， we selected the P. amabilis population in Linjiatang as a representative study case to elucidate the protective and management paradigm of P. amabilis Village Fengshui forests. The results were as follows：（1） The diameter at breast height （DBH） structure of P. amabilis in the Village Fengshui forests exhibited continuity， and the seedling density was higher compared to other habitat types. （2） Protecting effectiveness of Village Fengshui forests in the natural population of P. amabilis could be attributed to the Fengshui and taboo cultures associated with Shuikou forest （Village Fengshui forests near water sources）， cemetery forest， and Yangji tree （heritage tree near residential houses）. （3） The development of rural tourism further contributed to the preservation of P. amabilis Village Fengshui forests. In conclusion， in the context of rural revitalization， the protection and management approach based on Fengshui and taboo cultures in Village Fengshui forests presents an effective paradigm for safeguarding the natural population of P. amabilis.

Key words： Pseudolarix amabilis， Village Fengshui forests， conservation behavior， management paradigm， OECMs， rural revitalization

乡村振兴战略是党的十九大报告中所提出，其中生态振兴是乡村振兴的前提和基础，而生物多样性保护与可持续利用是生态振兴的重要内容（张俊飚和王学婷，2021）。村落风水林则是乡村生物多样性保护与可持续利用的典型实例（Teather & Chow， 2000; Yuan & Liu， 2009; Huang et al.， 2020），大多数村落风水林均在村民……