我国兽药残留检测标准现状
2023-08-13王恩辉张志然
王恩辉 张志然
【摘要】随着限量标准的更迭,我国兽药残留检测技术也在近2年陆续更新颁布与实施。本文通过比对2021版与2022版《国家食品安全监督抽检实施细则》中部分兽药残留检测标准的差异,分析不同检测标准的先进性与适用性,便于检测机构在兽药残留检测及监管部门制定抽检方案上采用正确的检测方法,确保检测报告的合规性以及检测结论的符合性。
【关键词】兽药残留;检测标准;抗生素;激素
【DOI编码】10.3969/j.issn.1674-4977.2023.04.007
Current Status of Detection Standards for Veterinary Drug Residues in China
WANG Enhui, ZHANG Zhiran*
(Yantai Standard Metrology Inspection and Testing Center, Yantai 264003, China)
Abstract: With the change of limit standards, Chinas veterinary drug residue detection technology has also been updated and implemented in the past two years. This paper compares the differences between some veterinary drug residue detection standards in the 2021 and 2022 National Food Safety Supervision and Random Inspection Implementation Rules, and analyzes the progressiveness and applicability of different detection standards, so as to facilitate the detection agencies to adopt correct detection methods in veterinary drug residue detection and the supervision departments to develop sampling inspection plans, and ensure the compliance of the detection reports and the compliance of the detection conclusions.
Key words: veterinary drug residues; testing standards; antibiotics; hormone
0引言
兽药残留是指食用动物在使用兽药后,蓄积或残存在动物机体、组织器官以及进入泌乳动物乳汁或禽蛋等农副产品中的药物原形、代谢与衍生产物的总称。其对食用动物的疾病预防与治疗,提高禽畜出栏率以及改善农副产品品质具有重要作用[1]。虽然我国根据休药期长短、兽药在动物体内的代谢周期,以及对人体的危害状况制定了兽药限用和禁用名录,但由于部分养殖户缺乏相关理论培训,在经济利益驱使下,不仅未能遵守兽药休药期的管理规定,还在施用饲料时掺杂多种兽药,导致同一农副产品中兽药残留超标且超标种类多样化的现象频发,直接影响到我国消费者舌尖上的安全以及农副产品的出口贸易[2-3]。
兽药根据作用机理主要分为抗菌治疗的抗生素类药物(四环素、磺胺、呋喃等)、降低动物外界感知提高新鲜度的精神类药物(〔盐酸〕氯丙嗪、利血平、地西泮等),以及改变新陈代谢与蛋白脂肪合成的激素类药物(克仑特罗、沙丁胺醇、莱克多巴胺等β-肾上腺素受体阻断剂)[4]。……
